GIFT  OF 


REVISED 


Tolerances  and  Specifications 


FOR 


Commercial  Weighing  and 
Measuring  Apparatus 


FOR 


State  of  California 


Prepared  and  Adopted  by  the 

California  State  Department 


of 


Weights  and  Measures 


SACRAMENTO,  19 


CALIFORNIA  STATE  PRINTING  OFFICE 

SACRAMENTO 

1919 


INDEX. 

PAGE 
APPLICATION    OF    SPECIFICATIONS 1 

CLASSIFICATION  OF  SPECIFICATIONS 2 

BERRY  BASKETS  OR  BOXES 14,  15,  16 

CYLINDRICAL  AND  OTHER   GRADUATES 12,  13,  14 

METRIC  SYSTEM .>.    li 

MEASURES— 

LINEAB 2,  3 

LIQUID  CAPACITY  3,  4 

MEASURING  PUMPS 5,  6,  7,  8,  9,  10,  11 

MILK  BOTTLES 11,  12 

SCALES- 
GENERAL  SPECIFICATIONS   16,  17,  18,  19,  20 

COMPUTING   31,  32,  33 

COUNTER  BALANCES  24,  25,  26,  27,  28 

CREAM  TEST  AND  BUTTER  FAT  TEST 38,  39 

SPRING  BALANCES —28,  29,  30 

STRAIGHT  FACE  SPRING  BALANCES 31 

PLATFORM 20,  21,  22,  23,  21 

PRESCRIPTION  SCALES  AND  BALANCES 34,  35,  36 

STEELYARDS    

WEIGHTS- 
APOTHECARIES    34,  35,  30,  37 

COMMERCIAL  37,  40 

PLATFORM  SCALE 20,  21,  22,  23,  24 

WOOD   STANDARDS   ____•._£ 41,  42,  4'5 


TOLERANCES  AND  SPECIFICATIONS 

PREPARED    AND    ADOPTED    BY 

STATE  DEPARTMENT  OF  WEIGHTS  AND    MEASURES 


CHAS.  G.  JOHNSON,  Superintendent. 

In  the  set  of  specifications  promulgated  herewith,  a  number  of  para- 
graphs have  been  limited  to  apply  only  to  new  apparatus  in  order  that 
the  Weights  and  Measures  Act  and  the  rules  and  regulations  promul- 
gated thereunder  may  be  put  into  force  and  effect  without  unnecessary 
hardship  and  without  wholesale  condemnation  of  apparatus  which, 
while  not  of  the  best  construction,  is  nevertheless  fairly  satisfactory 
and  may  be  used  for  some  time  without  greatly  prejudicing  the  rights 
of  the  purchasing  public.  The  specifications  taken  as  a  whole  are 
designed  to  improve  the  general  types  of  apparatus  and  render  pos- 
sible the  most  efficient  enforcement  of  the  law.  As  old  apparatus  is 
replaced,  only  that  of  satisfactory  construction  will  be  allowed  to  be 
put  into  use;  and  at  some  future  date,  when  the  gradual  process  of 
elimination  has  been  going  on  for  some  time,  the  limitations  on  the 
application  of  some  of  the  specifications  will  be  recalled  and  all  appa- 
ratus in  use  will  be  required  to  be  of  satisfactory  construction.  The 
specifications  which  have  been  applied  to  both  old  and  new  apparatus 
are  those  which  are  most  urgently  required ;  the  specifications  which 
have  been  limited  to  affect  new  apparatus  are  those  which,  while  clearly 
necessary,  can  best  be  postponed  for  general  enforcement  until  the 
general  provisions  of  the  law  and  of  the  rules  and  regulations  promul- 
gated thereunder  and  of  these  specifications  have  been  put  into  effect 
and  have  come  to  be  understood,  respected  and  observed  throughout 
the  State. 

The  object  of  all  of  these  is  not  only  for  the  benefit  and  the  protection 
of  the  consumer,  but  for  the  benefit  of  the  honest  merchant  and  manu- 
facturer as  well,  in  assisting  them  to  carry  on  their  business  free  from 
the  unjust  competition  of  a  dishonest  and  unscrupulous  or  an  ignorant 
class. 

APPLICATION  OF  SPECIFICATIONS. 

These  definitions,  specifications,  arid  tolerances  are  to  be  construed 
to  apply  to  the  usual  types  of  weights  and  measures  and  weighing  and 
measuring  devices  used  in  ordinary  commercial  transactions  or  usually 
coming  within  the  jurisdiction  of  the  weights  and  measures  official,  but 
only  when  a  proper  classification  is  herein  provided  for  them.  They 
shall  also  be  construed  to  apply  to  apparatus  used  for  special  purposes 
whenever  and  in  so  far  as  they  are  clearly  applicable,  but  not  otherwise. 


2  ;^    ^  .WEIGHTS   AND   MEASURES. 

CLASSIFICATION  OF  SPECIFICATIONS. 

The  specifications  on  weights  and  measures  and  weighing  and  meas- 
uring devices  shall  be  divided  into  two  sets;  the  first  to  apply  to  all 
apparatus  immediately  upon  adoption  of  the  specifications;  the  second 
to  be  limited  to  apply  only  to  new  apparatus. 

For  the  purpose  of  administration  the  following  classes  of  apparatus 
are  established: 

Class  1.  Weights  and  measures  and  weiuhinir  and  measuring  devices 
which,  after  the  promulgation  of  these  speeitications.  arc  manufactured 
in  the  State  or  brought  into  the  State. 

Class  2.  Weights  and  measures  and  weighing  and  measuring  devices 
which  are  in  the  State  at  the  time  of  promulgation  of  these  xprri fixa- 
tions, either  in  use,  or  in  the  stock  of  manufacturers  of,  or  dealers  in, 
such  apparatus. 

All  the  specifications  shall  apply  to  apparatus  of  Class  1. 

Hereafter  the  specifications  limited  to  apply  to  apparatus  of  Class  1 
only,  will  be  designated  by  a  star  (*)  before  the  section  affected. 


LINEAR  MEASURES. 

SPECIFICATIONS. 

1.  Measures  of  length  shall  be  made  of  a  material,  the  form  and 
dimensions  of  which  remain  reasonably  permanent  under  normal  con- 
ditions ;  for  example,  steel,  brass,  hard  wood,  etc. ;  provided,  however, 
that  tapes  for  commercial  purposes  may  be  made  of  cloth,  but  only 
when  this  is  wire-woven  and  when  by  this  means  an  actual  and  sufficient 
reinforcement  and  permanency  is  obtained. 

*2.  The  ends  of  measures  of  length  made  of  wood,  or  of  other  non- 
metallic  material  liable  to  wear  away  through  use,  shall  be  protected 
by  some  metal  not  softer  than  brass,  firmly  attached  to  the  measure. 

3.  Rigid  measures  of  length  shall  be  smooth  and  straight. 

4.  Folding   measures    of   length   shall   be   so   constructed   that   each 
section  will  come  to  a  definite  stop,  when  straightened  out. 

5.  Measures  of  length  shall  be  graduated   in   units  of  the  metric 
system  or  of  the  customary  system  and  its  usual  subdivisions. 

6.  All  graduations  shall  be  clear  and  distinct  and  the  main  gradua- 
tions shall  be  plainly  designated.     The  length  of  these  main  gradua- 
tions shall  be  greater  than  that  of  the  intermediate  graduations,  and 
the  latter  shall  be  varied  in  length  in  such  a  way  that  they  may  be 
conveniently  read. 


*Applies  to  Class  1  apparatus  only. 


TOLERANCES   AND   SPECIFICATIONS.  6 

*7.  Graduations  shall  not  be  greater  in  width  than  one-quarter  of  the 
width  of  the  smallest  subdivision;  provided,  however,  that  in  no  case 
shall  the  line  be  wider  than  .03  inch. 

8.  All  graduations  shall  be  uniformly  spaced  and  be  perpendicular 
to  the  edge  of  the  measure. 

9.  Measures  of  length,  so  called,  constructed  by  driving  tacks  into  a 
counter,  or  in  any  similar  way,  shall  not  be  subdivided.     , 

TOLERANCES. 

The  tolerances  to  be  allowed  in  excess  or  deficiency  on  all  measures 
oT  length  except  tapes  of  steel  or  other  metal  shall  not  be  greater  than 
the  following  values: 


Length 

Tolerance 

6  feet                                              --         

3/16  inch 

5  feet                                                          -        --  -    --  

5/32  inch 

4  feet                                                                                              -    --      

1/8    inch 

3  feet                                                                     -    --    -    

3/32  inch 

2  feet                                                                              -               _____ 

1/16  inch 

1   foot 

1/32  inch 

6  inches  or  less__. 

1/64  inch 

The  tolerances  to  be  allowed  in  excess  or  deficiency  on  all  tapes  of 
steel  or  other  metal,  shall  not  be  greater  than  the  following  values : 


Length 

Tolerance 

Tension 

100  feet 

1/4    inch 

10  pounds 

66  feet   _____      _ 

3/16  inch 

101  pounds 

50  feet        _                               _ 

1/8    inch 

10  pounds 

33  feet 

3/32  inch 

10  pounds 

25  feet 

1/16  inch 

10  pounds 

10  feet   __         _           

1/16  inch 

5  pounds 

6  feet        _    __ 

1/32  inch 

5  pounds 

3  feet  _ 

1/32  inch 

5  pounds 

LIQUID  CAPACITY  MEASURES. 

(NOT  INCLUDING  GRADUATED  GLASSWARE.) 
SPECIFICATIONS. 

1.  Liquid   measures   shall    be    made    of   metal,    glass,    earthenware, 
enameled  ware,  composition,  or  similar  and  suitable  material,  and  shall 
be  of  sufficient  strength  and  rigidity  to  withstand  ordinary  usage  with- 
out becoming  bent,  indented,  distorted  or  otherwise  damaged. 

2.  Liquid  measures  of  the  customary  systems  shall  be  of  one  of  the 
following  capacities  only:  One  gallon,  a  multiple  of  the  gallon,  or  a 


*  Applies  to  Class  1  apparatus  only. 
46740—2 


WEIGHTS   AND   MEASURES. 


binary  sub-multiple  of  the  gallon,  that  is,  a  measure  obtained  by  divid- 
ing the  gallon  by  the  number  2,  or  by  a  power  of  the  number  2; 
provided,  however,  that  nothing  in  this  specification  shall  be  construed  to 
prevent  the  use  of  forms  for  ice  cream  exclusively,  in  5  pint  and  3  pint 
sizes,  or  bottles  for  milk  or  cream  in  the  3  pint  size. 

3.  Liquid  measures  shall  be  so  constructed  that  tin-  capacity  is  deter- 
miiied  by  a  definite  edge  at  the  top  of  the  measure. 

4.  No  subdivided  liquid  measures  shall  be   allowed,   and   tin-   only 
reinforcing  rings  which  may  be  used  are  those  which  arc  firmly  attached 
to  the  outside  of  the  measure,  and  do  not,  by  indentations  or  in  any 
other  manner,  show  divisions  or  lines  on  the  inside  surface  of  the 
measure.     Reinforcement  rings  shall  be  so  placed  that  they  will  not  be 
mistaken  for  graduations. 

*5.  The  capacity  of  the  measure  shall  be  conspicuously,  legibly  and 
permanently  indicated  on  the  side  of  the  measure.  This  shall  be  in 
combination  with  the  word  "Liquid"  or  the  letters  "Liq."  in  the  case 
of  measures  in  which  the  word  "quart"  or  "pint"  occurs.  In  the 
case  of  measures  made  of  earthenware,  enameled  ware  or  composition. 
this  marking  shall  be  of  a  different  color  than  tin-  measure. 

6.  If  a  liquid  measure  is  provided  with  a  tap  or  spigot,  the  construc- 
tion shall  be  such  that  the  measure  may  be  completely  emptied  by  the 
tap  or  spigot  while  it  is  standing  upon  a  level  surface. 

7.  When  a  lip  or  rim,  designed  both  to  facilitate  pouring  and   to 
receive  any  overflow,  is  provided,  the  measure  must  he  so  constructed 
as  to  hold  its  full  capacity  exclusive  of  the  lip  or  rim.  while  it  is  stand- 
ing upon  a  level  surface. 

TOLERANCES. 

The  tolerances  to  be  allowed  in  excess  and  in  deficiency  on  all  liquid 
capacity  measures  shall  not  be  greater  than  the  following  values: 

Tolerance 


Capacity 

In  excess 

In  deficiency 

10  gallons— 
5  gallons... 
4   gallons—  . 
3  gallons  
2  gallons... 
1  gallon  
$   gallon 
1   quart  
1   pint 

10  fluid  ounces 
6  fluid  ounces 
4  fluid  ounces 
4  fluid  ounces 
2  flu  id  ounces 
1  fluid  ounce 
6  drams 
4  drams 
3  drams 
2  drams 
2  drams 

18    cubic  inches 
11    cubic  inches 
7    cubic  inches 
7    cubic  inches 
3.5  cubic  inches 
1.8  cubic  inches 
1.4  cubic  inches 
.9  cubic  inch 
.7  cubic  inch 
.4  cubic  inch 
.4  cubic  inch 

5    fluid  ounces 

.'!     llnid  ounces 
2    fluid  ounces 
2    fluid  ounces 
1    fluid  ounce 
4    drams 
3    drams 
2    drams 
1.5  drams 
1    dram 
1    dram 

9    cubic  inches 
5.4  cubic  inches 
3.6  cubic  inches 
3.6  cubic  inches 
1.8  cubic  inches 
.9  cubic  inch 
.7  cubic  inch 
.5  cubic  inch 
.3  cubic  inch 
.2  cubic  inch 
.2  cubic  inch 

£  pint  
1  gill 

*  Applies  to  Class  1  apparatus  only. 


TOLERANCES   AND   SPECIFICATIONS.  5 

LIQUID-MEASURING  PUMPS. 

TENTATIVE  SPECIFICATIONS  AND  TOLERANCES. 

Tentatively  adopted  by  the 
Twelfth  Annual  Conference  on  Weights  and  Measures,  May  24,  1919 

1.  Definition.     A  liquid-measuring  pump  is  a  pump,  or  a  combination 
of  a  pump  with  other  mechanism,  adapted  to  the  measurement  of  liquid 
in  definite  quantities  by  volume. 

2.  Permanence,     (a)   Liquid-measuring    pumps    shall    be    of    such 
design,    construction,    and    materials    that    they    may    reasonably    be 
expected  to  withstand  ordinary  usage  without  impairment  of  the  accu- 
racy of  their  measurement,  or  the  correct  functioning  of  their  operating 
or  indicating  parts. 

(6)  The  longitudinal  axis  of  the  measuring  cylinder  or  chamber 
shall  be  accurately  plumb,  when  the  pump  is  in  level  and  a  two-way  or 
a  circular  level  or  leveling  lugs  or  a  plumb  bob  shall  be  provided  by 
moans  of  which  the  level  can  be  established.  The  installation  shall  be 
of  such  strength  and  rigidity  as  to  maintain  this  plumb  and  level 
condition. 

*3.  Indicating  and  Registering  Parts,  (a)  Counters,  meters,  and 
graduated  scales  used  on  liquid-measuring  pumps  to  tally  scales  and 
deliveries  to  individual  purchasers  shall  be  so  located  and  disposed 
that  their  readings  will  be  visible  to  the  customer  as  well  as  to  the 
operator  of  the  pump. 

*(&)  In  the  case  of  measuring  pumps  used  for  dispensing  gasoline, 
the  counters  or  graduated  scales  shall  be  of  such  size  and  style  that 
they  are  clearly  visible  to,  and  readable  by,  the  customer,  from  any 
position  which  he  may  reasonably  be  expected  to  assume. 

4.  Units  of  Delivery.     Liquid-measuring  pumps  shall  have  the  fol- 
lowing discharge  capacities  per  stroke  or  cycle,  and  these  only:  One 
gallon ;  a  multiple  of  the  gallon ;  or  a  binary  submultiple  of  the  gallon, 
that  is,  a  quantity  obtained  by  dividing  the  gallon  by  the  number  2  or 
a  power  of  the  number  2 ;  provided,  however,  that  a  pump  may  be 
constructed  to  deliver  other  amounts  than  the  above,  corresponding  to 
predetermined  prices  at  *a  definite  price  per  gallon,  but  in  such  cases 
the  pump  shall  be  so  constructed  that  the  price  per  gallon  at  which  it 
is  set  at  any  time  and  also  the   amount  actually  delivered  must  be 
clearly  indicated. 

5.  Closure  of  One  Outlet.     When  two  discharge  outlets  for  the  liquid 
are   provided    on    a   liquid-measuring   pump,    the   pump    shall   be   so 
designed  and  constructed  that  one  outlet  must  automatically  be  tightly 
and  completely  closed  off  whenever  the  other  is  open,  so  that  no  liquid 

*Applies  to  Class  1  apparatus  only. 


5  WEIGHTS   AND   MEASURES. 

can  be  discharged  except  through  that  outlet  which  is  in  use  at  the 
time  and  for  the  purpose  intended. 

6.  Drainage  of  Discharge  Piping,     (a)   All  liquid-measuring  pumps 
used  for  the  sale  of  gasoline  shall  be  so  constructed  as  to  provide  for 
the  complete  and  rapid  drainage,  to  -a  definite  and  uniform  level,  of 
the  liquid  contained  in  the  hose  or  outlet  pipe.     This  specification  will 
be  construed  to  require  that  hose,  if  used,  shall  be  properly  reinforced 
and  shall  be  of  such  length   and   slitl'ness.  and   its   inlet   end  at  such 
height  above  the  normal  level  of  its  discharge  end,  when  used  for  the 
purpose  of  delivery  to  an  automobile  fuel  tank,  that  no  movable  portion 
of  the  hose  will  be  disposed  in  such  a  way  as  to  tend  to  retain  liquid 
after  the  operation  of  the  pump  is  completed. 

(6)  All  liquid-measuring  pumps  shall  be  so  designed  and  constructed 
that  they  will  not  permit  a  siphoning  or  a  continuous  trickle  of  liquid 
from  the  discharge  outlet  after  the  operation  of  the  mechanism  is  dis- 
continued. All  liquid-measuring  pumps,  which  under  the  foregoing 
specification  are  required  to  be  equipped  with  a  slandpipe,  shall  be 
furnished  with  a  vacuum-breaker  or  equivalent  device  adapted  to  cause 
the  definite,  immediate  and  rapid  drainage  of  the  downeoming  portions 
of  the  hose  or  pipe. 

NOTE. — A  standpipe  shall  be  defined  as  any  rl.-vat.-d  pip.-  <1« -signed  to  connect  with 
the  upper  end  of  a  hose  or  other  movable  delivery  tube,  and  intended  to  insure  rapid 
and  complete  drainage  of  such  delivery  tube  into  the  tank  or  vessel  into  which  liquid 
is  being  discharged. 

7.  Sensitiveness.    All  liquid-measuring  pumps  of  whatever  type  used 
in  retail  trade  shall  be  so  designed,  constructed,  and   graduated  that 
their  indicators  can  be  read  or  their  discharge   readily  determined 
within  an  amount  which  is  not  greater  than  the  value  of  the  tolerance 
as  hereinafter  provided. 

8.  Completeness  of  Delivery  Before  Indication,     (a)   On  all  defined- 
stroke,  piston-type  liquid-measuring  pumps,   the  const  met  ion  shall  be 
such  that  a  counter  or  indicator  will  indicate  clearly   and   definitely 
such  discharge,  and  only  such  discharge,  as  has  actually  been  completed 
by  the  pump  proper,  that  is:  the  indication  of  each  unit  of  discharge 
shall  take  place  only  when  such  full  discharge  from  the  measuring  cyl- 
inder has  in  fact  occurred. 

(b)  Any  such  counter  or  tallying  device  as  is  required  under  the 
foregoing  specification  shall  be  so  constructed  that  its  dial  or  pointer 
is  returnable  readily  to  a  definite  and  clear  zero  reading,  before  the 
next  delivery  is  begun. 

9.  Pointers   and  Indicators.     All   pointers   and   indicators   used   on 
counters  or  computing  attachments  or  other  registering  parts,  shall  be 
so  shaped  that  a  correct  and  accurate  reading  is  given.     Pointers  are 


TOLERANCES   AND   SPECIFICATIONS.  7, 

required  to  be  symmetrical  about  the  graduation  lines  at  which  they 
may  stand,  and  blunt-ended  types  of  pointers  shall  not  be  used. 

10.  Lettering,    Graduations .     (a)  All    markings,    instructions,    and 
graduations  required  under  these  specifications  shall  be  of  such  size, 
design  and  location  that  they  will  not  tend  to  become  obliterated  by 
dirt  or  oil,  or  for  any  other  reasons  tend  easily  to  become  illegible. 

(&)  The  graduations  shall  be  of  such  character  and  arrangement 
that  the  major  ones  are  clearly  distinguishable  from  the  minor  ones. 

11.  Scales  in  Opposite  Directions  Prohibited.     The  use  on  a  liquid- 
measuring  pump,  of  two  graduated  scales  reading  in  opposite  directions 
and   referable   to   the   same   pointer   or   liquid   surface,   shall   not   be 
permitted. 

12.  Computing   Charts.     The    value   graduations   on  all   computing 
charts  used  on  liquid-measuring  pumps  shall  not  exceed  1  cent  at  all 
prices  per  gallon  up  to  and  including  30  cents.     At  any  higher  price 
per  gallon  the  value  graduation  shall  not  exceed  2  cents;  provided, 
however,  that  nothing  in  the  above  shall  be  construed  to  prevent  the 
placing  of  a  special  value  graduation  to  represent  each  5-cent  interval. 
These  special  graduations  may  take  the  form  of  dots,  staggered  gradua 
tions,  or  similar  forms.     They  shall  be  so  placed  that  their  meaning 
and  value  may  be  clearly  understood  but  they  shall  not  be  placed  in  the 
space  between  the  regular  graduations. 

*13.  Exhaustion  of  Liquid  Supply.  All  measuring  pumps  of  which 
the  accuracy  of  delivery  is  affected  by  the  lowering  of  the  liquid  in  the 
supply  tank  to  a  point  at  or  near  the  intake  end  of  the  suction  pipe; 
shall  be  provided  with  a  device  which  will  make  the  pump  inoperable 
during  the  continuance  of  this  condition,  or  shall  be  so  constructed  as 
to  warn  the  purchaser  and  the  operator  in  a  conspicuous  and  distinct 
manner,  that  the  level  of  the  liquid  supply  is  so  low  as  to  endanger* 
the  accuracy  of  the  measurement. 

14.  Use  Limited  to  Certain  Liquids.     Liquid-measuring  pumps  which 
will  not   give   correct   results   except  when   used  with  liquids  having 
particular  properties,  as  for  example,  high  viscosity,  shall  be  conspic- 
uously,  clearly,  and  permanently  marked  to  indicate  this  limitation. 
Such  wording  may  take  the  form,  "Not  suitable  for  gasoline  or  light 
oils,"  "Use  only  for  molasses  and  heavy  oils,"  or  "For  viscous  liquids 
only." 

15.  Provision  for  Sealing.     All  devices,   adapted  to  be  altered  for 
adjusting  or  correcting  the  delivery  of  a  liquid-measuring  pump,  shall 
be  of  such  construction  that  they  can  be  sealed,  either  separately  or 
together,  in  such  a  manner  that  the  position  of  none  of  them  can  be 


*  Applies  to  Class  1  apparatus  only. 
46740—3 


8  WEIGHTS   AND   MEASURES. 

changed  without  destroying  the  seal  or  seals;  provided,  however,  that 
this  shall  not  apply  to  such  devices  as  alter  the  price  and  consequently 
the  delivery  of  such  a  pump  as  is  described  in  the  process  of  specifica- 
tions No.  4. 

16.  Stops  to  Be  Positive.     When  the  stops  or  other  stroke-limiting 
devices  on  a  liquid-measuring  pump  are  subject  to  direct  pressure,  or 
impact,  in  the  operation  of  the  pump,  such  stops  shall  be  of  such  con- 
struction that  the  permanence  and  security  of  their  positions  is  not 
solely  dependent  upon  friction ;  that  is,  under  the  conditions  designated, 
the  construction  must  provide  for  a  positive,  nonfrictional  engagement 
of  the  parts  whose  relative  motions  are  to  be  prevented. 

17.  Graduated  Parts  Secured.     When  a  liquid-measuring  pump  is 
provided  with  a  scale  of  graduations  to  indicate  or  adjust  the  amount 
to  be  delivered,  this  scale  shall  be  riveted  to  its  support  or  otherwise 
permanently  fixed  in  position;  provided,  however,  that  in  the  case  of 
measuring  pumps  of  the  gage-glass  type,  a  sliding  scale  will  be  per- 
mitted when  the  displacement  of  such  scale  is,  by  suitable  mechanism, 
automatically  prevented  at  all  times  when  liquid  is  being  discharged 
from  the  delivery  outlet. 

18.  Diversion  of  Measured  Quantity.     There  shall  be  no  direct  or 
continuous  connection  of  device  adapted  to  return  any  portion  of  the 
measured   liquid   from  the  discharge   pipe  or   outlet   of   any   liquid- 
measuring  pump  to  the  supply  tank  or  pipe  of  the  same.     All  valves 
in  the  suction  line  which  are  intended  to  prevent  the  reversal  of  flow 
of  the  liquid  must  be  of  such  design  that  their  closiuv  is  automatically 
effected  in  the  use  of  the  pump. 

19.  Only  One  Shut-off  Cock  Permitted  in  Discliarge  Line.     No  more 
than  one  shut-off  valve  or  cock  intended  to  be  operated  by  hand  for 
the  purpose  of  cutting  off  the  flow  of  liquid,  shall  be  permitted  in  the 
discharge  line  of  a  liquid-measuring  pump,  and  in  the  case  of  liquid- 
measuring  pumps  with  which  hose  or  other  movable  delivery  tube  is 
used,  or  which  require  the  use  of  a  vacuum-breaking  valve  or  equivalent 
device,  any  shut-off  valve  shall  be  located  as  near  as  possible  to  the 
pump  itself,  and  not  in  the  hose  line  or  at  the  extremity  of  the  hose. 

20.  Protection  Against  Corrosion.     In  the  case  of  liquid-measuring 
pumps  which  depend,  for  the  accuracy  of  their  measurement,  upon 
the  tightness  or  perfection  of  seating  of  a  valve  or  valves,  the  material 
used  for  tanks,  piping,  and  all  such  auxiliary  apparatus  as  may  contain 
liquid,  including  the  pump  itself,  shall  be  of  such  nature  and  prop- 
erties as  to  be  free  from  the  likelihood  of  corrosion  or  rusting  or  the 
liberation  of  particles  which  will  be  likely  to  impair  the  tightness  or 
correctness  of  seating  of  such  valves. 


TOLERANCES   AND   SPECIFICATIONS.  9 

<  21.  Limiting  Height  of  Suction  Lift.  No  defined-stroke,  piston-type 
liquid-measuring  pump  shall  be  so  installed  as  to  work  under  a  total 
suction  head  sufficient  to  cause  vaporization  of  the  liquid  for  which 
it  is  used  under  the  highest  temperature  and  lowest  barometric  pressure 
likely  to  occur. 

22.  Use  of  Adjustments,     (a)  No  adjustment  of  the  delivery  of  a 
defined-stroke  liquid-measuring  pump  shall  be  permitted,  except  that 
intended  to  produce  a  piston  displacement  per  cycle  of  231  cubic  inches 
per  indicated  gallon  of  delivery. 

(fr)  Adjustments  of  piston  displacement  to  correct  for  leaks,  slip- 
page, excessive  length  of  pipe  line,  or  other  defects  of  the  installation 
shall  not  be  permitted. 

23.  Stop  Mechanism  to  Be  Definitely  Positioned.     All  stops  which 
define  the  delivery  of  a  liquid-measuring  pump  shall  be  clearly  and 
conspicuously  marked  to  indicate  the  value  of  discharge  volume  to 
which  they  correspond,  and  any  device  intended  to  vary  the  discharge 
by  bringing  different  stops  into  operation  shall  be  so  designed  and 
constructed  that  it  is  brought  to  a  definite  and  accurately  defined  posi- 
tion,  and  that  inadvertent  displacement  from  that  position  will  be 
obstructed. 

24.  Position  of  Operating  Handle,     (a)   In  all  defined-stroke,  piston- 
type  liquid-measuring  pumps,  the  initial  or  starting  position  of  the 
operating  crank  or  handle  shall  be  defined  by  a  latch  or  snap  which 
will  operate  to  hold  the  handle  accurately  in  that  position  when  the 
apparatus  is  not  in  use. 

(&)  The  initial  position  of  the  handle  on  all  types  of  defined-stroke, 
piston-type,  liquid-measuring  pumps  shall  be  vertically  downwards. 
Handles  which  in  their  starting  positions  are  inclined  to  the  vertical 
or  stand  vertically  upwards  shall  not  be  permitted. 

25.  Tolerances.     The  tolerances  to  be  'allowed  in  excess  or  deficiency 
on  all  liquid-measuring  pumps  shall  not  be  greater  than  1.8  cubic  inches 
per  indicated  gallon  (7.2  drams)  ;  provided,  however,  that  the  manu- 
facturers' tolerances   or  the  tolerances   on   all   new   liquid-measuring 
pumps  shall  not  be  greater  than  one-half  of  the  values  given  above; 
and  provided,  further,  that  these  latter  tolerances  shall  also  be  applied 
to  all  pumps  which  are  being  retested  after  being  found  incorrect  and 
subsequently  adjusted  or  repaired. 

26.  Constancy  of  Delivery.     The  amounts  delivered  shall  not  vary 
by  more  than  the  tolerances  provided  above,  irrespective  of  the  speed 
at   which   the    apparatus   is   operated,    and  irrespective   of   the   time 

ring  between  operations,  provided  that,  for  the  purpose  of  test,  the 


10  WEIGHTS   AND   MEASURES. 

condition  of  the  apparatus  sliall  be  suck  tliat  a  minimum  period  of  non- 
use  of  24  hours  shall  not  result  in  an  error  of  the  first  delivery  of  the 
pump  after  such  period  of  nonuse,  greater  than  the  tolerant  <  allowable. 

NOTE. — In  applying  the  above  specifications,  errors  due  solely  to  a  change  in  the 
volume  of  the  contained  liquid,  resulting  from  temperature  variations  alone,  are  to  be 
eliminated,  since  an  error  of  this  character  is  unavoidable  in  the  case  of  volumetric 
measurements  of  this  kind,  when  the  apparatus  is  standing  unused.  This  change  in 
volume  due  to  temperature  variations  is,  however,  small  in  amount  for  all  ordinary 
variations  of  temperature,  amounting  to  about  0.7  per  cent  for  each  10  degres  Fahren- 
heit change  of  temperature  (or  about  1.3  per  cent  for  each  10  degrees  Centigrade 
change  of  temperature). 

27.  In  all  gage-glass  or  float-gage  types  of  liquid-measuring  pumps 
which  have  a  graduated  scale  as  the  sole  means  of  determining  the 
amount  of  liquid  discharged,  the  length  on  the  scale  equivalent  to  the 
tolerance  at  any  point  must   be  readily  appreciable  when  the  character 
of  the  indicator  and  normal  distance  from  the  observer's  eye  is  taken 
into  consideration,  and  in  no  case  shall   this  length   be  less  than  <U>4 
inch. 

28.  Fraudulent      Construction      1'rnhibited.     All      liquid-measuring 
pumps  shall  be  of  such  construction  that  they  are  not  designed  to  and 
may  not  be  used  to  facilitate  the  perpetration  of  fraud. 

29.  Metric   System.     No   specifications   contained   in   the   preceding 
pages  shall  be  understood  or  construed  to  prohibit  the  sale  or  use  of 
liquid-measuring  devices    constructed   or   graduated    in    units   of   the 
metric  system. 

The  tolerances  to  be  allowed  on  any  liquid-measuring  device  con- 
structed or  graduated  in  units  of  the  metric  system,  sliall  be  the  same 
as  those  specified  on  similar  apparatus  of  an  equivalent  si/.e  or  at  an 
equivalent  capacity  in  the  customary  system. 

SPEEDS   FOR  TESTING. 

In  making  tests  of  gasoline  pumps  and  apparatus  intended  to  estimate 
petroleum  products,  more  or  less  concern  has  been  given  to  the  matter 
of  speed.  Tests  known  as  the  slow  test,  the  fast  test,  and  the  medium 
test,  have  been  applied,  and  there  appears  to  be  some  question  as  to 
what  should  constitute  the  proper  speed. 

As  a  matter  of  guidance  with  reference  to  speed  I  beg  to  recommend 
the  following  speeds : 

Slow    test    5-gallon  delivery  T>0  to  GO  seconds 

Medium    speed    5-gallon  delivery  20  to  30  seconds 

Fast  speed 5-gallon  delivery  17  to  20  seconds 

The  most  common,  and  consequently  the  most  practical  speed  of  a 
five-gallon  delivery  under  favorable  conditions  varies  from  20  to  25 
seconds. 


TOLERANCES   AND   SPECIFICATIONS.  11 

In  making  tests  no  unnecessary  handicap  deviating  from  the  general 
practicability  should  be  placed  on  the  apparatus.  By  keeping  the  tests 
within  the  recommended  speeds  you  should  be  enabled  to  determine  the 
accuracy  of  the  apparatus.  Inaccuracy  expressing  itself  under  tests 
in  conflict  with  the  speeds  recommended,  would  not  express  itself  in  the 
practical  operation  of  the  apparatus  and  should  therefore  not  prejudice 
its  employment.  The  operation  of  the  apparatus  by  sellers  of  gasoline 
in  conflict  with  the  speeds  recommended  would  in  the  judgment  of  this 
department,  constitute  commercial  misconduct. 

This  type  of  apparatus  is  so  constructed  as  to  necessitate  practical 
employment.  When  operated  to  the  contrary,  the  variance  expressed 
should  be  charged  to  the  human  element,  rather  than  a  direct  penalty 
upon  the  apparatus. 

Very  truly  yours, 


State  Supt.  Weights  and  Measures. 


MILK  BOTTLES. 

SPECIFICATIONS. 

1.  Bottles  used  for  the  sale  of  milk  or  cream  shall  be  made  only  in 
sizes  heretofore  specified  under  the  heading  "Liquid  Capacity  Meas- 
ures. ' ' 

*2.  Each  bottle  shall  have  its  capacity  clearly  blown  or  otherwise 
clearly  and  permanently  marked  in  or  on  the  side  of  the  bottle,  and  in 
or  on  the  side  or  bottom  the  name,  initials  or  trade-mark  of  the  manu- 
facturer thereof. 

3.  Glass  bottles  with  an  inside  diameter  of  not  over  two  inches 
immediately  below  the  cap  seat  or  stopple  shall  hold  the  correct 
capacity  when  filled  within  -J  inch  of  this  cap  seat  or  stopple;  bottles 
with  an  inside  diameter  of  over  this  amount  immediately  below  the  cap 
seat  or  stopple  shall  hold  the  correct  capacity  when  filled  to  within 
-j-  inch  of  this  cap  seat  or  stopple.  Provided,  however,  that  when 
bottles  are  used  for  the  purpose  of  pasteurizing  milk  or  cream  in  the 
bottle,  a  larger  distance  shall  be  allowed  below  the  cap  seat  or  stopple 
but  not  to  exceed  that  given  in  the  table  below.  Such  bottles  shall  be 
provided  with  a  clearly  defined  line  blown  or  otherwise  clearly  and 
permanently  marked  in  or  on  the  bottle,  and  extending  at  least  one-half 
way  around  it,  which  indicates  the  correct  capacity.  The  words  "For 
milk  pasteurized  in  the  bottle  only"  or  a  similar  wording  shall  be 


*Applies  to  Class  1  apparatus  only. 


12 


WEIGHTS   AND   MEASURES. 


clearly  blown  or  otherwise  clearly  and  permanently  marked  in  or  on 
the  side  of  the  bottle ;  and  directly  over,  below  or  beside  the  line  men- 
tioned above,  the  words,  "Fill  to  this  line."  Such  bottles  shall  be  used 
only  when  the  milk  or  cream  is  pasteurized  in  the  bottle. 

TOLERANCES. 

The  tolerances  to  be  allowed  in  excess  or  deficiency  on  individual 
bottles,  and  on  the  average  content  of  bottles,  shall  not  be  greater  than 
the  following  values.  The  error  on  the  average  content  of  bottles  shall 
be  determined  by  finding  the  error  on  each  of  not  less  than  25  bottles 
selected  at  random  from  at  least  four  times  the  number  tested,  and 
taking  the  average  of  these  errors. 


Capacity 

Tolerance  on  individual  bottle 

Tolerance  on  average  content 

i  gallon  , 

6  drams 
5  drams 
4  drams 
3  drams 
2  drams 
2  drams 

1.4  cubic  Inches 
1.2  cubic  inches 
.9  cubic  inch 
.7  cubic  inch 
.5  cubic  inch 
.5  cubic  inch 

2.0  drams 
1.75  drams 
1.5  drams 
1.25  drains 
1  .•_'.">  drams 
1.25  drams 

.5  cubic  inch 
.43  cubic  inch 
.34  cubic  inch 
.29  cubic  inch 
.29  cubic  inch 
.29  cubic  inch 

3  pints   

1  quart 

1  pint  

i  pint   . 

1  gill 

SPECIFICATIONS  AND  TOLERANCES  FOR  CYLINDRICAL 
AND  OTHER  GRADUATES. 

All  graduates  for  which  specifications  are  hereby  jrivrn.  should  be 
graduated  in  accordance  with  the  following  relations: 

8  liquid  drams  equal  1  liquid  ounce. 
.'!2  liquid  ounces  equal  <»ne  liquid  quart. 

4   liquid  quarts  equal   1    !'.  S.  liquid  gallon     rqiial  J.M  cubic  inches. 
1   liquid  quart  equals  57.7.~i  cubic  inches. 

For  the  purpose  of  bridging  over  to  the  metric  system  the  relation  is: 
1  liquid  ounce  equals  20.5729  milliliters. 

Graduates  may  be  calibrated  for  use  either  to  contain  or  to  <lcli\«-r. 
Graduates  that  are  to  be  used  dry  to  receive  liquids  and  measure  them 
in  the  graduate  should  be  calibrated  to  contain. 

Graduates  that  are  to  be  used  to  pour  water  from  the  graduate  into 
other  measures  and  those  which  are  to  be  used  wet  to  contain  water 
from  other  measures,  should  be  calibrated  to  deliver. 

For  example,  a  graduate  that  is  to  be  used  in  testing  milk  bottles, 
either  by  pouring  \vater  from  the  graduate  into  the  bottles,  or  from 
the  bottles  into  the  graduate  without  drying  the  graduate  between 
bottles,  should  be  calibrated  to  deliver. 

After  having  been  wet,  the  graduate  will  on  successive  filling  and 
emptyings  deliver  the  same  quantity  that  is  poured  into  it. 


TOLERANCES   AND   SPECIFICATIONS. 


13 


SPECIFICATIONS. 

The  relation  of  the  height  to  the  diameter  of  the  cylinder  should  be 
such  that  the  highest  graduation  will  come  within  the  following  limits: 


Total  nominal  capacity 

Distance  of  highest  graduation 
from  top 

Maximum 
c.m. 

Minimum 
c.m. 

2  liQuid  ounces 

3 
3 
4 
5 
5 
3 
4 
5 

5 
6 
8 
10 
10 
5 
8 
10 

4  liquid  ounces 

8  liquid   ounces                    *•• 

16  liquid   ounces      _    __      __    __    __ 

32  liquid  ounces 

3  cubic  inches 

10  cubic  inches     __    __ 

35  cubic  inches 

The  graduations  should  be  of  uniform  width,  continuous,  and  finely 
but  distinctly  etched  or  engraved,  and  must  be  perpendicular  to  the 
axis  of  the  cylinder. 

All  graduations  must  extend  at  least  halfway  around  and  at  least 
every  tenth  graduation  entirely  around  the  cylinder. 

The  space  between  two  adjacent  graduations  must  never  be  less  than 
1  mm.,  and  in  general  should  be  from  2  to  5  mm.,  depending  upon  the 
size  of  the  graduate. 

The  numbers  indicating  the  capacity  of  the  graduate  at  its  different 
points  should  be  placed  immediately  above  the  marks  to  which  they 
refer. 

SUBDIVISIONS  AND   LENGTH   OF  LINES. 

The  2-ounce  graduate,  subdivided  to  -jVounce,  should  have  each 
iVounce  graduation  extend  at  least  halfway  around;  each  -J-ounce 
graduation  about  three-fifths  around;  and  each  J-ounce  graduation 
entirely  around  the  cylinder.  Each  Bounce  graduation  should  be 
numbered. 

The  4-ounce  graduate  if  subdivided  to  ^-ounce  should  have  the  same 
arrangement  and  length  of  graduations  as  the  2-ounce,  except  that 
only  each  -|-ounce  graduation  should  extend  entirely  around  and  only 
each  ounce  should  be  numbered. 

If  subdivided  only  to  Bounce,  then  each  Bounce  graduation  should 
extend  at  least  halfway  around,  and  each  J-ounce  and  1-ounce  entirely 
around,  and  each  1-ounce  graduation  should  be  numbered. 

The  8-ounce  graduate,  subdivided  to  Bounce,  should  have  each  Bounce 
extend  at  least  halfway  around,  each  -|-ounce  graduation  about  three- 
fifths  around,  and  each  1-ounce  graduation  entirely  around  and 
numbered. 


14 


WEIGHTS   AND   MEASURES. 


The  *16-ounce  graduate,  subdivided  to  Bounce,  should  have  each 
J-ounce  extend  at  least  halfway  around,  each  1-ounce  about  three-fifths 
around,  and  each  2-ounce  entirely  around  and  numbered. 

The  32-ounce  graduate,  subdivided  to  Bounce,  should  have  each 
Bounce  extend  at  least  halfway  around,  each  1-ounce  about  three-fifths 
around,  and  each  4-ounce  entirely  around  and  numbered. 

The  3  cubic  inch  graduate,  subdivided  to  Mo  cubic  inch,  should  have 
each  I/IQ  cubic  inch  graduation  extend  at  least  halfway  around,  ea<-h 
%o  cubic  inch  graduation  three-fifth  around,  and  each  1  cubic  inch 
graduation  entirely  around  and  numbered. 

The  10  cubic  inch  graduate,  subdivided  to  %0  cubic  inch,  should  have 
each  %o  cubic  inch  graduation  extend  at  least  halfway  around.  ;md 
each  1  cubic  inch  graduation  entirely  around  and  numbered. 

The  35  cubic  inch  graduate,  subdivided  to  £  cubic  inch,  should  have 
each  £  cubic  inch  extend  at  least  halfway  around,  each  1  cubic  inch 
about  three-fifths  around,  and  each  5  cubic  in.-h  entirely  around  and 
numbered. 

When  a  large  graduate  is  used  in  the  testing  of  im-a^ures  l>y  pouring 
from  the  graduate  into  the  incasmv.  a  small  auxiliary  irraduate  should 
always  be  used  for  determining  the  excess  or  deficiency  of  UK-  im-asim  -. 
as  the  subdivisions  of  the  large  graduate  are  not  sufficiently  lino  for 
the  purpose.  Also  a  few  divisions  at  the  base  of  the  Lrradnate  are 
difficult  to  read  and  are  not  always  accurate. 


TOLERANCES. 

The  following  tolerances  shall  apply  "'  tin1  ealibrat  ion  ol' 


Capacity 

Limit  of  error  of  total  or  partial 
capacity 

To  contain— 

c.c.            dram 

Tn  .  Ifli  ver— 
c.c.          dram 

1  liquid  ounce  equals         29.57  c.c. 

.07 
.12 
.24 
.45 
.80 
1.50 
.10 
.33 
1.00 

.02 
.03 
.06 
.12 
.22 
.40 
.006 
.02 
.06 

.11 

.1- 

.68 
1.20 
235 
.1.1 
JO 
1.50 

.03 
.0.1 
.10 
.18 
.:::; 
.60 
.009 
.08 
.09 

2  liquid  ounces  equal  59.15  c.c  

4  liquid  ounces  equal    -.118.30  c.c. 

8  liquid  ounces  equal       236  59  c.c. 

16  liquid  ounces  equal       47318cc 

32  liquid  ounces  equal    __946.36c.c. 

3  cubic  inches  equal  49.16  c.c  

10  cubic  inches  equal           163  87  c.c 

35  cubic  inches  equal  573.55  c.c. 

BERRY  BASKETS  OR  BOXES. 


SPECIFICATIONS. 

1.  Baskets  or  boxes  for  berries  or  small  fruits  shall  have  interior 
displacements  equivalent  to  the  dry  quart  (67.2  cu.  in.),  dry  pint 
(33.6  cu.  in.),  dry  half -pint  (16.8  cu.  in.). 


TOLERANCES  AND   SPECIFICATIONS. 


15 


^2.  Berry  boxes  shall  not  have  a  false  bottom  or  be  so  constructed  as 
will  facilitate  deception  or  fraud.  Baskets  constructed  with  a  raised 
bottom  to  facilitate  preservation  of  berries  and  for  any  other  purpose, 
shall  be  approved  by  the  state  superintendent  before  employed  in  the 
avenues  of  trade.  Berry  baskets  of  these  dimensions  shall  be  known  as 
standard  baskets. 

TOLERANCES. 

The  tolerances  to  be  allowed  in  excess  or  deficiency,  on  baskets  or 
boxes  for  berries  or  small  fruits,  constructed  of  wood,  shall  not  be 
greater  than  the  following  values: 


Capacity 

Tolerance 

Dry  measure 

Cubic  contents 

In  excess 

In  deficiency 

1  quart                --         

67.2  cubic  inches 
33.6  cubic  inches 
L6.8  cubic  inches 

3  cubic  inches 
2  cubic  inches 
1  cubic  inch 

Ifc  cubic  inches 
1  cubic  inch 
i  cubic  inch 

1  pint 

A  pint  

The  tolerances  to  be  allowed  in  excess  or  deficiency,  on  baskets  or 
boxes  for  berries  or  small  fruits,  constructed  of  pasteboard  or  fibre, 
shall  not  be  greater  than  the  following  values: 


Capacity 


Dry  measure 

Cubic  contents 

In  excess 

In  deficiency 

1  quart 

67  2  cubic  inches 

2  cubic  inches 

1  cubic  inch 

1  pint 

33.6  cubic  inches 

2  cubic  inch 

J  cubic  inch 

\  pint    — 

16.8  cubic  inches 

J  cubic  inch 

i  cubic  inch 

Tolerance 


OPINION  FIXING  A  STANDARD  WEIGHT  OF  BERRIES  WHEN  OFFERED  FOR 

SALE  IN  CONTAINERS. 

(As  issued  by  this  department  March  1,  1916.) 

When  berries  are  offered  or  exposed  for  sale  in  boxes,  baskets,  or 
other  containers,  such  sale  shall  constitute  a  sale  of  food  in  package 
form,  and  these  containers  shall  be  packed  to  contain  berries  in  the 
following  weights,  and  no  other : 

8  ounces  avoirdupois  weight   (minimum)   equivalent  to  standard  |  pint. 
12  ounces  avoirdupois  weight  (minimum)   equivalent  to  standard  1  pint. 

The  minimum  contents  must  approximate  the  true  net  weight,  and 
there  shall  be  no  tolerance  below  the  stated  minimum  weight.  It  is 
the  opinion  of  this  department  that  berries  when  offered  or  exposed  for 
sale  in  boxes,  baskets,  or  other  containers,  constitute  a  sale  of  food  in 
package  form  within  the  meaning  of  the  Net  Container  Act,  and  berries 
when  sold,  offered,  or  exposed  for  sale,  shall  be  subject  to  the  provisions 

46740-4 


16  WEIGHTS  AND   MEASURES. 

of  the  act,  which  requires  that  the  containers  shall  be  marked  with  a 
statement  of  the  quantity  of  contents. 

When  berries  are  offered  or  exposed  for  sale  in  containers  and  such 
containers  for  convenient  purposes  are  arranged  in  crates  or  boxes,  the 
numerical  count  of  containers  together  with  the  net  weight  of  contents 
of  each  container  shall  be  declared  on  the  outside  of  such  crate  or  box. 

When  six  baskets  or  more  shall  be  packed  or  arranged  in  crates,  the 
crates  shall  indicate  the  numerical  contents  of  baskets,  together  with 
the  minimum  weight  of  contents  of  each  basket  as  follows : 

"Minimum  Contents  of  24  baskets  12  ounces  each.'' 

When  berries  are  sold  or  offered  for  sale  in  containers  in  a  less 
quantity  than  by  the  drawer  or  crate,  as  in  the  sale  of  one  individual 
basket  or  box,  such  sale  shall  constitute  a  sale  from  bulk,  and  shall  be 
exempt  from  having  thereon  marked  or  indicated  the  minimum  con- 
tents. It  shall,  however,  contain  the  standard  weight  herein  provided 
for. 

The  use  of  any  basket,  box,  or  container  so  constructed  as  to  contain 
a  false  bottom,  or  otherwise  designed  to  misrepresent  contents,  slmll  not 
be  used  in  avenues  of  trade. 


SCALES. 


GENERAL  SPECIFICATIONS. 

1.  The  nominal  or  rated  capacity  of  a  scale  is  the  largest  weight 
indication  which  can  be  obtained  by  the  use  of  all  its  reading  or  record- 
ing elements  in  combination. 

When  one  reading  or  recording  element  of  the  scale  is  designed  for 
auxiliary  use  only,  such  as  a  small  bar  and  poise  intended  for  use  in 
determining  weights  intermediate  between  two  graduations  on  the 
principal  bar  of  the  beam,  the  weight  value  of  this  reading  or  recording 
element  need  not  be  included  in  the  sum,  provided  that  it  does  not 
exceed  one  per  cent  of  the  sum  of  the  weight  values  of  the  remaining 
reading  or  recording  elements.  (Thus,  a  platform  scale  with  the  prin- 
cipal bar  of  the  beam  graduated  to  100,000  pounds  by  1,000  pound 
subdivisions  and  with  an  auxiliary  bar  graduated  to  1,000  pounds  by 
20  pound  subdivisions,  may  be  considered  as  having  a  nominal  capacity 
of  lt)0,000  pounds.) 

When  a  scale  is  designed  for  use  with  removable  weights  and  these 
are  furnished  with  the  scale,  the  amount  which  these  represent  when 
used  on  the  scale  shall  be  included  in  the  sum  of  the  weight  values  of 


TOLERANCES   AND   SPECIFICATIONS.  17 

the  reading  elements.  When  the  scale  is  designed  for  use  with  remov- 
able weights,  but  these  are  not  furnished  with  the  scale,  the  amount 
which  those  represent  on  the  scale  that  are  usually  furnished  with  the 
scale  when  weights  are  included,  shall  be  included  in  the  sum  of  the 
weight  values  of  the  reading  elements. 

*2.  All  scales  not  equipped  with  a  beam  or  reading  face  graduated 
to  the  full  capacity  of  the  scale,  or  those  not  equipped  with  a  graduated 
beam  or  reading  face,  which,  taken  in  connection  with  another  grad- 
uated beam  or  beams  or  with  a  graduated  runner,  indicates  the  capacity 
of  the  scale,  shall  have  the  nominal  capacity  conspicuously,  clearly, 
and  permanently  marked  upon  them. 

3.  All  scales  shall  be  of  such  construction  that  they  will  support  a 
load  of  maximum  capacity  without  undue  bending  or  straining  of  the 
parts. 

4.  All  knife-edges  shall  be  firmly  secured  to  the  levers. 

*5.  All  knife-edges  shall  be  of  hardened  and  tempered  steel.  They 
shall  be  sharp  and  bear  throughout  the  entire  length  of  the  parts 
designed  to  be  in  contact. 

*6.  All  bearings  shall  be  smooth  and  at  least  as  hard  as  the  knife- 
edges.  For  scales  of  more  than  5,000  pounds  capacity,  the  bearings 
shall  be  made  of  hardened  and  tempered  steel.  (The  term  "bearing" 
used  in  this  paragraph  refers  to  the  entire  surface  which  is  designed 
to  be  in  contact  with  the  edge  of  a  knife-edge  or  with  a  point  bearing.) 

*7.  Plates  or  caps  used  to  limit  the  longitudinal  motion  of  a  knife- 
edge  shall  be  smooth  and  be  made  of  a  material  at  least  as  hard  as  the 
knife-edge.  The  part  of  the  knife-edge  liable  to  come  in  contact  with 
these  plates  or  caps  shall  be  so  formed  that  the  friction  between  them 
is  reduced  to  a  minimum. 

*8.  If  a  scale  has  a  nose-iron,  the  position  of  this  at  the  time  of 
installation  of  the  scale  shall  be  clearly  and  accurately  indicated. 

9.  If  the  scale  has  interchangeable  or  reversible  parts,  these  shall 
be  so  constructed  that  their  change  or  reversal  shall  not  affect  the 
balance  or  the  accuracy  of  the  instrument. 

*10.  No  scale  shall  be  equipped  with  a  scoop  counter-balanced  by  a 
removable  poise  or  weight. 

11.  When  the  scale  is  equipped  with  a  permanently  attached  device 
intended  to  counter-balance  the  weight  of  a  removable  scoop,  this  device 
shall  clearly  indicate  on  the  customers'  side  of  the  scale,  whether  the 
scoop  should  be  on  or  off  the  scale. 

12.  The  graduations  on  all  beams  shall  consist  of  lines,  or  notches, 
or  of  a  combination  of  these.     All  lines  shall  be  uniform  in  spacing  and 
parallel  to  each  other.     All  notches  shall  be  evenly  cut  and  the  lines 

*Applies  to  Class  1  apparatus  only. 


18  WEIGHTS   AND   MEASURES. 

formed  by  the  intersection  of  the  sloping  planes  of  their  sides  must  be 
uniform  in  spacing  and  parallel  to  each  other. 

13.  Each  main  weight  graduation  on  a  beam  shall  be  so  marked  as 
to  indicate  the  weight  represented  by  the  poise  at  that  point. 

14.  Shoulders  or  stops  shall  be  provided  on  all  beams  to  prevent 
the  poise  traveling  and  remaining  back  of  the  zero  graduation. 

15.  The  adjusting  material  in  all  poises  shall  be  securely  enclosed 
and  firmly  fixed  in  position.     If  of  lead  or  other  material  softer  than 
brass,  it  shall  not  be  in  contact  with  the  beam. 

16.  Poises  shall  be  so  constructed  that  no  part  can  be  easily  detached. 
and  if  equipped  with  a  set  screw,  this  shall  not  be  removable. 

17.  Poises  on  notched  beams  shall  be  provided  with  a  pawl  or  other 
device,  so  constructed  as  to  cause  the  poises  to  be  seated  into  a  definite 
and  correct  position  in  each  notch,  wherever  in  the  notch  the  pawl  or 
other  device  is  placed,  and  to  be  held  there  firmly  and  without  appre- 
ciable movement. 

18.  The  bearing  rdgo  of  a  liaiiLriiiir  poise  shall  In-  hard  and  shall  be 
so  formed  as  to  seat  in  a  definite  and  correct  position  in  each  notch  on 
the  beam. 

19.  Reading  edges  or  indicators  of  poises  shall  he  sharply  defined. 
and  all  reading  ed.ues  shall  he  parallel  to  the  graduations  on  the  beam. 

*20.  Poises  shall  not  be  readily  detachable  from  the  beam. 

21.  When  scales  are  equipped  with  a  beam,  the  position  or  oscillation 
of  which  is  used  to  indicate  the  balance  of  the  scale,  the  normal  position 
of  this  beam  shall  be  horizontal  and  it  shall  have  equal  play  above  and 
below  the  normal  horizontal  position. 

22.  No  scale  shall  be  equipped  with  an  unstable  or  accelerating  beam. 
*23.  Scale  pans  in  which  fish  or  other  wet  commodities  are  placed 

when  weighed  shall  be  so  constructed  as  to  provide  for  drainage. 

24.  All  scales  shall  be  of  such  construction  that  they  are  reasonably 
permanent  in  their  adjustment  and  will  repeat  their  weight  indications 
correctly,  and  are  not  designed  to,  or  may  not  be  used  to  facilitate  the 
perpetration  of  fraud. 

25.  All  scales  shall  be  maintained  in  balance. 

A  scale  is  in  balance,  as  the  term  is  used  herein,  when  it  correctly 
gives  a  weight  indication  of  zero,  when  there  is  no  load  on  the  platform, 
plate,  pan,  or  scoop. 

A  lever  scale  of  the  non-automatic  type  not  having  an  indicator  and 
a  graduated  scale  or  arc,  is  in  balance  when  the  beam  comes  to  rest 
at  or  oscillates  through  approximately  equal  arcs  above  and  below  the 
center  of  the  trig-loop  when  one  is  provided;  or  a  position  midway 
between  other  stops  when  these  are  provided;  or  a  horizontal  position 
when  no  trig-loop  or  other  stops  are  provided. 

'Applies  to  Class  1  apparatus  only. 


TOLERANCES  AND   SPECIFICATIONS.  19 

A  scale  of  the  non-automatic  type  having  an  indicator  and  a  grad- 
uated scale  or  arc,  is  in  balance  when  the  indicator  comes  to  rest  at,  or 
oscillates  through  approximately  equal  arcs  about,  a  definite  and  clear 
zero  graduation. 

A  scale  of  the  automatic  type,  that  is,  one  having  a  reading  face  or 
dial,  is  in  balance  when  the  indicator  comes  to  rest  at  a  definite  and 
clear  zero  graduation. 

SENSIBILITY   RECIPROCAL. 

The  term  " sensibility  reciprocal"  hereinafter  referred  to  is  defined 
as  the  weight  required  to  move  the  position  of  equilibrium  of  the  beam, 
pan,  pointer,  or  other  indicating  device  of  a  scale  a  definite  amount, 
the  effect  of  friction  in  causing  inconstancy  of  this  position  of  equi- 
librium being  eliminated. 

In  scales  provided  with  a  beam  and  trig-loop,  the  sensibility  recip- 
rocal is  the  weight  required  to  be  placed  upon  the  platform  to  turn 
the  beam  from  a  horizontal  position  of  equilibrium  in  the  middle  of  the 
trig- loop  to  a  position  of  equilibrium  at  the  top  of  the  loop,  the  effect 
of  friction  being  eliminated  as  above.  The  sensibility  reciprocal  may 
be  determined  by  subtracting  the  weight  instead  of  adding  it,  thereby 
causing  the  beam  to  assume  a  position  of  equilibrium  at  the  bottom  of 
the  loop ;  or  indirectly,  by  moving  the  sliding  poise  on  the  beam  the 
required  amount  in  either  direction,  to  obtain  the  specified  change  in 
the  position  of  equilibrium  of  the  beam;  or  by  adding  or  subtracting 
small  weights  to  or  from  the  counterpoise  until  the  specified  change  is 
obtained,  and  determining  the  equivalent  of  the  small  weights  used,  in 
terms  of  weight  on  the  platform. 

In  the  case  of  scales  with  stabilized  pans  or  plates  such  as  equal-arm 
trip  scales  and  scales  with  a  single  pan  or  plate  above  the  beam,  and 
also  scales  with  a  pan  or  pans  hanging  from  the  beam,  which  are  not 
provided  with  a  pointer  moving  over  a  graduated  arc  or  scale,  the 
sensibility  reciprocal  is  the  amount  of  weight  required  on  the  pan  or 
plate  to  cause  it  to  move  from  its  position  of  equilibrium,  when  the 
scale  is  in  balance,  to  a  position  of  equilibrium,  at  the  limit  of  its 
motion. 

In  the  case  of  scales  provided  with  a  pointer,  and  a  graduated  scale 
or  arc,  over  which  the  pointer  vibrates  as  a  convenient  means  of  deter- 
mining the  position  of  equilibrium,  and  which  does  not,  of  itself, 
directly  indicate  in  terms  of  weight,  the  sensibility  reciprocal  is  the 
weight  required  to  cause  a  change  in  the  position  of  rest  of  the  pointer 
equal  to  one  division  on  the  graduated  scale  or  arc.  (Examples  of  these 
scales  are  the  usual  cream  test  or  butter-fat  test  scale  and  some  forms 
of  the  apothecaries'  prescription  scale.) 


20  WEIGHTS   AND   MEASURES. 

The  sensibility  reciprocal  does  not  apply  to  reading  faces  or  dials 
which  indicate  directly  in  terms  of  weight.  But  no  such  reading  face 
or  dial  which  is  purely  auxiliary  to  the  scale  mechanism,  such  as  one, 
for  instance,  which  may  or  may  not  be  employed  in  the  determination 
of  weight,  shall  be  construed  to  exempt  a  scale  from  the  "sensibility 
reciprocal"  requirement,  when  this  is  detached. 


PLATFORM  SCALES. 


SPECIFICATIONS. 

1.  The  foundations  of  all  built-in  scales  shall  be  firm  and  substantial. 

2.  Platform  scales  having  an  outside  frame  .shall  In'  equipped  with 
means  for  centering  and  checking.     These  shall  cause  the  platform 
bearings  to  return  to  their  normal  line  of  contact  on  tin-  knitV -<•<!<_;•, -s 
when  the  platform  is  displaced  to  the  full  extent  allowed,  and  also  shall 
prevent  the  platform  bearings  from  such  a  displacement  that  the  eent<  r- 
ing  will  not  take  place.     The  above  results  may  be  obtained  by  any 
proper  means  that  will  not  introduce  excessive  friction  and  will  not 
cause  binding,  when  the  parts  "have  been  so  caused  to  return  to  their 
normal  weighing  positions. 

3.  Platform  scales  shall  be  so  constructed   that    tin -re   is  sut'lirient 
clearance  between  the  platform  and  the  frame  to  allow  for  any  expan- 
sion due  to  weather  effects.     Sufficient  clearance  shall  also  be  provided 
to  prevent  the  live  parts  of  the  scale  from  binding  on  account  of  an 
ordinary  accumulation  of  dirt  or  other  ordinary  causes. 

*4.  A  wagon  scale  should  have  at  least  12  feet  of  straight  way  on 
either  side  of  the  scale  in  the  same  plane  as  the  platform. 

5.  Platforms  and  levers  shall  be  of  sufficiently  riuid  eonstnu-tioii  that 
the  degree  of  deflection  under  the  maximum  load  will  not  endanger  the 
accuracy  of  the  scale. 

6.  If  a  scale  is  equipped  with  a  relieving  deviee.  this  shall  be  so 
constructed  that,  when  the  beam  is  balanced  and  the  device  is  used  to 
relieve  it  and  engage  it  again,  one  or  more  times,  the  former  balance 
will  again  be  assumed  by  the  beam. 

NOTE. — The  effect  of  friction  on  a  scale  is  to  make  possible  a  variation  of  the 
load  on  the  pan,  plate  or  platform  without  any  corresponding  change  in  the  in  ii-.i- 
tion.  The  value  of  the  sensibility  reciprocal  which  is  determined  with  the  effect  of 
friction  present  will,  therefore,  be  in  error  by  a  variable  amount.  However,  in 
making  tests  this  error  must  be  neglected. 

*7.  When  corner  platform  loops  are  removable.  e;ie]i  shall  be  so 
marked  or  shaped  as  to  identify  it  with  its  proper  corner. 

*8.  All  devices  for  adjusting  the  balance  of  a  counter  platform  scale 
shall  be  of  such  construction  that  they  are  operative  or  accessible  only 

*  Applies  to  Class  1  apparatus  only. 


TOLERANCES  AND   SPECIFICATIONS.  21 

by  the  use  of  some  tool  or  device  which  is  outside  of  and  entirely 
separate  from  the  movable  mechanism  of  the  scale  itself;  such  as  a 
screw  driver,  wrench,  etc.,  but  not  an  adjusting  pin. 

*9.  All  devices  for  adjusting  the  level  of  a  counter  platform  scale 
shall  be  of  such  construction  that  they  are  operative  or  accessible  only 
by  the  use  of  some  tool  or  device  which  is  outside  of  and  entirely 
separate  from  the  leveling  devices ;  such  as  a  screw  driver,  wrench,  etc., 
but  not  an  adjusting  pin. 

10.  All  platform  scales,  except  track  scales,  shall  be  so  constructed 
that  when  a  load  consisting  of  test  weights,  representing  more  than  one- 
quarter  of  the  capacity  of  the  scale  and  not  exceeding  such  capacity,  is 
placed  so  that  its  center  of  gravity  lies  over  the  points  designated  by 
circles  in  Diagram  No.  1,  the  error  at  each  point  shall  not  exceed  the 
tolerance  allowed  in  the  following  table  for  the  load  employed.  If  a 
load  equal  to  or  less  than  one  quarter  of  the  capacity  is  used,  this  shall 
be  placed  so  that  its  center  of  gravity  lies  directly  over  the  platform 
bearings  designated  by  the  circles  in  Diagram  No.  2,  and  the  errors 
shall  not  exceed  those  indicated  above. 

*11.  Any  device  for  altering  the  sensibility  of  the  scale  shall  be  so 
limited  in  its  adjustment  that  the  beam  can  not  be  made  unstable  by 
the  manipulation  of  the  device. 

12.  The  minimum  travel  of  the  beam  in  the  trig-loop  shall  conform 
to  the  following  table: 


Length  of  beam 

Minimum 
travel  of  beam 
in  trig-loop 

Under  12  inches 

.4  inch 

Over  12  inches   including 

20  inches                                 _ 

.5  inch 

Over  20  inches   including 

40  inches 

.7  inch 

Over  40  inches  and  up 

.9  inch 

, 

(The  "length  of  beam"  refers  to  the  distance  from  the  fulcrum  to  the  trig-loop.) 

13.  All  weighing  beams  shall  be  so  marked  and  graduated  and  all 
poises  on  these  beams  shall  be  so  constructed  that  the  weight  correspond- 
ing to  any  position  of  the  poise  can  be  read  directly  on  the  beam.  This 
condition  shall  be  fulfilled  whether  a  registering  or  stamping  device 
is  used  or  not. 

SENSIBILITY  RECIPROCAL. 

The  maximum  sensibility  reciprocal  allowable  on  all  platform  scales, 
except  counter  platform  scales,  shall  not  exceed  the  value  of  two  of  the 
minimum  graduations  on  the  beam,  at  the  capacity  of  the  scale  or  at 
any  lesser  load.  Provided,  however,  that  the  manufacturers'  maximum 
sensibility  reciprocal  or  the  maximum  sensibility  reciprocal  on  all  new 


*Applies  to  Class  1  apparatus  only. 


22  WEIGHTS   AND   MEASURES. 

platform  scales,  except  counter  platform  scales,  shall  not  exceed  the 
value  of  one  of  the  minimum  graduations  on  the  beam  at  the  capacity 
or  at  any  lesser  load.  The  maximum  sensibility  reciprocals  for  counter 
platform  scales  are  given  hereafter  under  the  heading  "Counter 
Balances  and  Scales." 

(The  term  "sensibility  reciprocal"  means  the  weight  required  to 
move  the  position  of  equilibrium  of  the  beam,  pan,  pointer  or  other 
indicating  device  of  a  scale  a  definite  amount.  In  scales  provided  with 
a  beam  and  trig-loop  the  sensibility  reciprocal  is  tin-  weight  required  to 
be  placed  upon  the  platform  to  turn  the  beam  from  a  horizontal  posi- 
tion of  equilibrium  in  the  middle  of  the  triir-loop  to  a  position  of 
equilibrium  at  the  top  of  the  loop.  The  sensibility  reciprocal  may  be 
determined  by  subtracting  the  weight  instead  of  adding  it,  thereby 
causing  the  beam  to  assume  a  position  of  equilibrium  at  the  bottom  of 
the  loop;  or  indirectly,  by  moving  the  sliding  poise  on  the  beam  the 
required  amount  in  either  direction,  to  obtain  the  specified  change  in 
the  position  of  equilibrium  of  the  beam;  or  by  adding  or  snbt raei ini: 
small  weights  to  or  from  the  counter-poise  until  the  specified  change  is 
obtained,  and  determining  the  equivalent  of  the  small  weights  used,  in 
terms  of  weight  on  the  platforms.) 

EXPLANATION  OF  FOLLOWING  TABLE. 

"Class  A"  scales  include  the  following:  scales  of  the  portable  plat- 
form type;  and  also  scales  of  the  dormant  type  which  are  installed 
inside  of  a  building  having  side  walls  and  roof,  which  protect  the  scale 
from  weather  effects  and  from  sudden  changes  of  temperature. 

"Class  B"  scales  include  the  following:  scales  of  the  railroad  track 
and  wagon  types;  and  also  scales  of  the  dormant  type  which  are  not 
installed  inside  of  a  building  having  side  walls  and  roof,  and  which 
are  exposed  to  weather  effects  and  sudden  changes  of  temperature. 

The  columns  with  the  heading  "Tolerance  on  Ratio"  refer  to  the 
error  in  the  ratio  or  multiplying  power  of  scales  with  which  counter- 
poise weights  are  used. 

NOTE. — The  latter  effect,  since  it  causes  tho  condensation  of  moisture  on  the  scale 
parts,  often  has  as  serious  results  on  the  condition  of  the  scale,  as  have  weather 
effects. 

The  columns  with  the  heading  "Tolerance  on  Beam"  refer  to  those 
parts  of  scales  not  requiring  the  use  of  removable  weights;  for  example, 
a  beam. 

The  column  with  the  heading  "Load"  refers  to  the  amount  of  weight 
on  the  platform  of  the  scale. 

In  the  case  of  railroad  track  scales,  designed  and  used  for  weighing 
ordinary  freight  traffic,  when  the  test  load  consists  of  a  one  truck  test 
car,  the  largest  algebraic  mean  of  any  two  errors  found  for  different 


TOLERANCES   AND   SPECIFICATIONS.  23 

positions  of  the  test  truck,  shall  not  exceed  the  tolerance  corresponding 
to  the  test  load  used.  Provided,  however,  that  on  the  same  span  the 
positions  of  the  test  car  shall  be  restricted  to  the  opposite  ends  of  that 
span.  The  tolerance  given  in  the  table  is  not  to  be  applied  to  the 
error  found  for  a  single  position  of  the  test  load. 

The  largest  algebraic  mean  of  any  two  errors  may  be  defined  as  one- 
half  of  the  largest,  plus  (  +  )  or  minus  ( — ),  sum  that  can  be  obtained 
by  adding  any  two  errors,  such  as  two  plus  (  +  )  errors,  two  minus 
( — )  errors,  a  numerically  large  plus  (  +  )  error  and  a  numerically 
small  minus  ( — )  error,  or  a  numerically  large  minus  ( — )  error  and 
a  numerically  small  plus  (  +  )  error. 

In  order  that  the  largest  algebraic  mean  of  any  two  errors,  which 
represents  the  maximum  error  of  freight  car  weighing,  may  not  differ 
appreciably  from  the  true  amount,  a  test  car  having  a  wheel  base  not 
exceeding  seven  feet  should  be  used. 

TOLERANCES. 

The  tolerances  to  be  allowed  in  excess  or  deficiency  on  all  platform 
scales,  except  counter  platform  scales,  shall  not  be  greater  than  the 
following  values.  Provided,  however,  that  the  manufacturers'  toler- 
ances or  the  tolerances  on  all  new  platform  scales,  except  counter 
platform  scales,  shall  not  be  greater  than  one-half  of  the  values  given ; 
and  provided,  further,  that  these  tolerances  on  all  these  platform  scales, 
shall  in  no  case  be  less  than  the  value  of  one  of  the  minimum  gradua- 
tions on  the  beam  except  that  the  manufacturers'  tolerances  or  the 
tolerances  on  new  apparatus  shall  in  no  case  be  less  than  the  value  of 
one-half  of  one  of  the  minimum  graduations  on  the  beam.  The 
tolerances  for  counter  platform  scales  are  given  hereafter  under  the 
heading  ' '  Counter  Balances  and  Scales. ' ' 

STEELYARDS, 


SPECIFICATIONS  AND  TOLERANCES. 

All  steelyards  shall  be  subject  to  the  "general  specifications"  on 
scales  given  heretofore.  In  addition  steelyards  having  a  capacity  of 
100  pounds  or  more  shall  be  subject  to  the  same  specifications,  in  so 
far  as  these  are  applicable,  and  the  same  sensibility  reciprocals  and 
tolerances  as  platform  scales;  and  steelyards  of  smaller  capacity  shall 
be  subject  to  the  same  specifications,  in  so  far  as  these  are  applicable, 
and  the  same  sensibility  reciprocals  and  tolerances  as  counter  scales. 


24 


WEIGHTS   AND   MEASURES. 


Load 


Inside  scales  —  Tolerance 


On  multiplication 
ratio 


On  beam 


Outside  scales  —  Tolerance 


On  multiplication 
ratio 


On  beam 


50 

100 

200 

240 

300 

400 

500 

600 

800 

1,000 

1,200 

1,500 

1,800 

1 

U 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

8 

10 

12 

15 

20 

40 

50 

80 

100 

150 

200 


pounds 
pounds 
pounds 
pounds 
pounds 
pounds 
pounds 
pounds 
pounds 
pounds 
pounds 
pounds 
pounds 

ton  

tons  ... 
tons  ... 
tons  ... 
tons  .. 
tons  ... 
tons  ... 
tons  ... 
tons  ... 
tons  __- 
tons  ... 
tons  ... 
tons  ... 
tons  ... 
tons  ... 
tons  ... 
tons  ... 
tons  . 


J  ounce 


1 
2 
3 
3 
4 
5 
6 
8 
8 
10 
12 
14 
1 

U 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
8 
10 
12 
15 
20 
40 
50 
80 
100 
150 
200 


ounce 

ounces 

ounces 

ounces 

ounces  j 

ounces  ) 

ounces 

ounces  ! 

ounces  1 

ounces  | 

ounces 

ounces 

pound 

pounds 

pounds 

pounds 

pounds 

pounds 

pounds 

pounds 

pounds 

pounds 

pounds 

pounds 

pounds 

pounds 

pounds 

pounds 

pounds 

pounds 


1  ounce 

2  ounces 
4  ounces 
6  ounces 
6  ounces 
8  ounces 

10  ounces 

12  ounces 

1  pound 

1  pound 
1J  pounds 
U  pounds 
1|  pounds 

2  pounds 
2J  pounds 
4  pounds 
6  pounds 
8  pounds 

10  pounds 
12  pounds 
16  pounds 

20  pounds 

21  pounds 
30   pounds 
40   pounds 
80   pounds 

100  pounds 
100  pounds 
200  pounds 
300  pounds 
400  pounds 


10  ounces 

12  ounces 

1  pound 

1  pound 
1|  pounds 
li  pounds 
1J  pounds 

2  pounds 
2$  pounds 
4  pounds 
6  pounds 
8  pounds 

10  pounds 

12  pounds 

16  pounds 

20  pounds 

LM  pounds 

30  pounds 

40  pounds 

80  pounds 

100  pounds 

160  pounds 

200  pounds 

300  pounds 

400  pounds 


li 

2 

2 

2i 

3 

3i 

4 

5 

8 
12 
16 
20 
24 


10 
48 

80 

i  *° 
I  160 

200 
320 
400 
600 
800 


pounds 
pounds 
pounds 
pounds 
pounds 
pounds 
pounds 
pounds 
pounds 
pounds 
pounds 
pounds 
pounds 
pounds 
pounds 
pounds 
pounds 
pounds 
pounds 
pounds 
pounds 
pounds 
pounds 
pounds 
pounds 


COUNTER  BALANCES  AND  SCALES. 


SPECIFICATIONS. 

1.  Bearings  shall  be  so  shaped  that  when  the  beam  is  displaced  in 
any  manner,  the  knife-edges  will  return  to  their  proper  line  of  contact. 
(The  term  ''bearing"  as  used  in  this  specification  is  defined  as  that 
part  of  the  scale  designed  to  be  in  contact  with  the  edge  of  the  knife- 
edge. 

2.  All  loose  material  used  for  adjusting  the  balance  of  a  scale  shall 
be  securely  enclosely. 

3.  All  devices  for  adjusting  the  balance  of  a  counter  scale  shall  be  of 
such  construction  that  they  are  operative  or  accessible  only  by  the  use 
of  some  tool  or  device  which  is  outside  of  and  entirely  separate  from 
the  movable  mechanism  of  the  scale  itself;  such  as  a  screw  driver, 
wrench,  etc.,  but  not  an  adjusting  pin. 


TOLERANCES   AND   SPECIFICATIONS.  25 

4.  All  devices  for  adjusting  the  level  of  a  counter  scale  shall  be  of 
such  construction  that  they  are  operative  or  accessible  only  by  the  use 
of  some  tool  or  device  which  is  outside  of  and  entirely  separate  from 
the  leveling  devices;  such  as  a  screw  driver,  wrench,  etc.,  but  not  an 
adjusting  pin. 

*5.  Counter  scales  whose  weight  indications  are  changed  by  an 
amount  greater  than  one-half  the  tolerance  allowed,  when  set  in  any 
position  on  a  surface  making  an  agle  of  3  degrees  or  approximately 
5  per  cent  with  the  horizontal,  shall  be  equipped  with  a  device  which 
will  indicate  when  the  scale  is  level,  and  in  no  case  shall  any  pendulum 
operating  the  scale  be  considered  a  leveling  device.  The  scale  shall  be 
rebalanced  at  zero  each  time  its  position  is  altered  during  this  test. 

*6.  In  the  case  of  equal  arm  scales,  either  with  stabilized  pans  or 
plates,  that  is,  those  above  the  beam,  or  with  suspended  pans  or  plates, 
the  minimum  fall  or  drop  of  the  pans  or  plates  from  their  highest  point 
shall  be  as  follows : 


Capacity 

Minimum 
fall 

'i  pounds  and  below 

.35  inch 

From  4  pounds  including  12  pounds                                         __  

.5    inch 

From  12  pounds  including  26  pounds                                       -                 

.75  inch 

Over  26  pounds 

1  0    inch 

7.  In  the  case  of  counter  scales  having  unequal  arms  or  a  compound 
lever  system  and  having  a  graduated  beam  which  is  not  provided  at  or 
near  its  end  with  a  trig-loop  or  graduated  scale  or  arc  or  other  suitable 
reference  interval  or  point  for  establishing  the  proper  position  of 
balance  of  the  beam,  the  beam  shall  have  a  minimum  total  angular 
play  of  8  per  cent  or  approximately  5  degrees.  In  the  case  of  such 
scales  which  are  provided  with  a  trig-loop  or  graduated  scale  or  arc  or 
other  suitable  reference  interval  or  point,  the  minimum  total  movement 
of  the  beam  at  such  point  shall  be  0.4  inch  if  the  beam  is  12  inches  or 
less  in  length  and  0.5  inch  if  the  beam  is  over  12  inches  in  length. 
(The  angular  motion  of  the  beam  in  terms  of  per  cent  may  be  obtained 
by  dividing  the  total  fall  or  drop  of  the  beam  at  its  end  by  the  distance 
from  the  fulcrum  to  the  end  of  the  beam,  and  multiplying  this  quotient 
by  100.) 

*8.  Scales  of  such  construction  that  any  weight  or  weights  which  are 
not  visible  can  be  added  so  as  to  affect  the  indications  of  the  scale,  shall 
be  equipped  with  a  device  which  will  plainly  indicate  on  the  customers' 
side  of  the  scale  when  the  weight  or  weights  have  been  added  and  the 
value  which  it  or  they  represent  on  the  scale. 


*  Applies  to  Class  1  apparatus  only, 


26  WEIGHTS  AND   MEASURES. 

9.  On  scales  of  the  equal-arm  type  with  stabilized  pans,  that  is,  pans 
above  the  beam,  the  under  connections  and  a  line  connecting  the  outer 
knife-edges  in  the  beam,  shall  form  a  parallelogram.     These  under 
connections  shall  be  straight  and  work  freely. 

10.  All  scales  shall  be  so  constructed  that  when  a  weight  whose  body 
has  approximately  equal  diameter  and  height  and  which  represents 
one-half  of  the  capacity  of  the  scale,  is  shifted  in  any  direction  on  the 
weight  plate  or  on  the  commodity  plate,  pan  or  scoop,  to  a  point  one- 
half  the  distance  between  the  center  and  edge  of  the  weight  plate  or 
the  commodity  plate,  pan  or  scoop,  the  additional   resulting  error  in 
the  weight  indication,  due  to  this  cause  alone,  shall  not  exceed  the 
tolerance  allowed  on  a  part  of  a  scale  requiring  the  employment  of 
removable  weights,  at  the  load  in  question;  provided,  however,  that  in 
this  test,  the  edge  of  the  weight  shall  not  be  made  to  project  over  the 
edge  of  the  weight  plate  or  the  commodity  plate,  pan  or  scoop. 

11.  In  the  case  of  counter  scales  equipped  with  an  indicator  and  a 
reading  face  or  dial,  such  parts  shall  conform  to  all  the  specifications 
applicable  to  thorn,  given  under  the  heading  ''Spring  Scales,"  except 
that  the  graduations  are  not  required  to  be  equally  spaced. 

12.  All  counter  scales  shall  be  in  level. 

SENSIBILITY   RECIPROCAL. 

The  maximum  sensibility  reciprocal  allowable  for  counter  scales  shall 
not  exceed  the  values  given  in  the  table  below,  with  the  exception,  that 
when  the  maximum  sensibility  reciprocal  herein  niven  is  a  larger  value; 
than  that  represented  by  two  of  the  minimum  graduations  on  any  beam 
with  which  the  scale  may  be  equipped,  the  latter  value  shall  be  applied 
and  used  as  the  maximum  sensibility  reciprocal.  Provided,  however, 
that  the  manufacturers*  maximum  sensibility  reciprocals  or  the  maxi- 
mum sensibility  reciprocals  on  all  new  counter  scales  shall  be  one-half 
of  the  values  given  in  the  table  unless  this  value  is  greater  than  one  of 
the  minimum  graduations  on  the  beam,  in  which  case  this  latter  value 
shall  be  used. 

(The  term  "sensibility  reciprocal"  means  the  weight  required  to  move 
the  position  of  equilibrium  of  the  beam,  pan,  pointer  or  other  indicating 
device  of  a  scale  a  definite  amount.  In  the  case  of  scales  with  stabilized 
pans  or  plates,  such  an  equal-arm  trip  scale  and  scales  with  a  single 
pan  or  plate  above  the  beam,  and  also  scales  with  a  pan  or  pans  hanging 
from  the  beam  which  are  not  provided  with  a  pointer  moving  over  a 
graduated  arc  or  scale,  the  sensibility  reciprocal  is  the  amount  of  weight 
required  on  the  pan  or  plate  to  cause  it  to  move  from  its  position  of 
equilibrium,  when  the  scale  is  in  balance,  to  a  position  of  equilibrium 
at  the  limit  of  its  motion.) 


TOLERANCES   AND   SPECIFICATIONS. 


27 


Sensibility  reciprocals 

Sensibility  reciprocals 

Capacity 

Sensibility 
reciprocals 

Capacity 

Sensibility 
reciprocals 

1  pound 

I  ounce 
i  ounce 
J  ounce 
\  ounce 
\  ounce 
*  ounce 
J  ounce 
i  ounce 
I  ounce 
I  ounce 
1    ounce 
1    ounce 
1    ounce 

40  pounds 

1J  ounces 
U  ounces 
li  ounces 
2    ounces 
2|  ounces 
3    ounces 
4£  ounces 
6    ounces 
7^  ounces 
1\  (8)  ounces 
9   ounces 
10|  ounces 
12    ounces 

2  pounds 

50  pounds 

4  pounds      _-    __    __ 

60  pounds 

5  pounds 

75  pounds 

6  pounds  

90  pounds        _ 

8  pounds 

100  pounds 

10  pounds    _  

150  pounds       _    __ 

12  pounds    __    __ 

200  pounds 

15  pounds 

240  pounds 

20  pounds  

250  pounds 

24  pounds 

300  pounds 

25  pounds 

350  pounds 

30  pounds      __    __ 

400  pounds 

TOLERANCES. 

Except  on  the  special  tests  described  above,  the  tolerances  to  be 
allowed  in  excess  or  deficiency  on  counter  scales  shall  not  be  greater 
than  the  following  values.  Provided,  however,  that  the  manufacturers' 
tolerances  or  the  tolerances  to  be  allowed  on  new  counter  scales,  shall 
not  be  greater  than  one-half  of  the  values  given ;  and  provided,  further, 
that  the  tolerances  on  counter  scales  shall  in  no  case  be  less  than  one- 
fourth  of  the  sensibility  reciprocal  of  the  scale;  and  when  the  scale 
has  a  reading  face  or  dial,  the  tolerance  shall  in  no  case  be  less  than 
one-fourth  of  the  minimum  graduation  on  the  reading  face  or  dial, 
except  that  on  new  scales  they  shall  in  no  case  be  less  than  one-eighth 
of  such  minimum  graduation. 


28 


WEIGHTS   AND   MEASURES. 


Load 

Tolerance 

Tolerance  on  parts 
requiring  employment 
of  weights 

Tolerance  on  beam 
or  reading 
face 

1  pound                                 -                 

1/16  ounce 
1/16  ounce 
1/8    ounce 
1/8   ounce 
1/8    ounce 
1/4    ounce 
1/4    ounce 
1/4    ounce 
5/16  ounce 
5/16  ounce 
5/16  ounce 
3/8   ounce 
3/8    ounce 
3/8   ounce 
7/16  ounce 
1/2   ounce 
5/8    ounce 
3/4    ounce 
7/8    ounce 
1          ounce 
1  1/2    ounces 
2          ounces 
2  1/2    ounces 
2  1/2    ounces 
3          ounces 
3  1/2    ounces 
4          ounces 

1/16  ounce 
1/8    ounce 
3/16  ounce 
3/16  ounce 
3/16  ounce 
3/8    ounce 
3/8    ounce 
3/8    ounce 
1/2    ounce 
1/2   ounce 
1/2    ounce 
1/2    ounce 
1/2    ounce 
5/8    ounce 
5/8    ounce 
3/4    ounce 
1          ounce 
1           ounce 
1  1/4    ounces 
1  1/2    ounces 
2          ounces 
3          ounces 
4           ounces 
4          ounces 
4  1/2    ounces 
."»           ounces 
6          ounces 

2  pounds 

4  pounds 

5  pounds  _  __    __    _-    __    __    __      __    

6  pounds       _ 

8  pounds 

10  pounds 

12  pounds  __ 

15  pounds 

16  pounds  _ 

20  pounds 

24  pounds  __  _____ 

25  pounds    __ 

30  pounds  _  __    __ 

40  pounds  __  

50  pounds  __ 

60  pounds  

75  pounds  ___    _ 

90  pounds  __ 

100  pounds  ._  

150  pounds  _  

200  pounds  

240  pounds  

250  pounds  

300  pounds  _  

350  pounds  

400  pounds  

SPRING  BALANCES. 


SPECIFICATIONS. 

1.  Graduated  faces  shall  be  permanently  fixed  in  position. 

2.  All  graduations  shall  be  clear  and  distinct  and  equally  spaced. 
*3.  The  clear  interval  between  the  graduations  shall  not  be  less  than 

.04  inch. 

4.  The  maximum  value  of  the  graduations  on  spring  balances  used  in 
the  sale  of  foodstuffs  at  retail  shall  be  1  ounce;  provided,  however, 
that  this  shall  not   apply  to  scales  used  exclusively  in  the  sale   of 
vegetables. 

5.  The  scale  shall  have  a  definite  and  clear  zero  graduation  and  there 
shall  be  no  stop  to  prevent  the  indicator  from  going  beyond  the  zero 
graduation.     These  conditions  shall  be  fulfilled  whether  the  entire  face 
is  graduated  or  the  graduations  commence  at  a  fixed  load. 

6.  The  indicator  shall  be  firmly  attached  and  reach  to  the  graduated 
divisions. 

*7.  That  part  of  the  indicator  which  reaches  to  the  smallest  sub- 
divisions shall  not  exceed  the  width  of  these  subdivisions. 


*  Applies  to  Class  1  apparatus  only. 


TOLERANCES   AND   SPECIFICATIONS.  29 

8.  The  distance  between  the  indicator  and  the  reading  face  shall  not 
exceed  .12  inch. 

*9.  All  devices  for  adjusting  the  balance  of  a  spring  scale  shall  be  of 
such  construction  that  they  are  operative  or  accessible  only  by  the  use 
of  some  tool  or  device  which  is  outside  of  and  entirely  separate  from  the 
movable  mechanism  of  the  scale  itself ;  such  as  a  screw  driver,  wrench, 
etc.,  but  not  an  adjusting  pin. 

*10.  All  devices  for  adjusting  the  level  of  a  spring  scale  shall  be  of 
such  construction  that  they  are  operative  or  accessible  only  by  the  use 
of  some  tool  or  device  which  is  outside  of  and  entirely  separate  from  the 
leveling  devices;  such  as  a  screw  driver,  wrench,  etc.,  but  not  an 
adjusting  pin. 

11.  No  device  to  alter  the  working  or  effective  length  of  the  spring 
shall  be  placed  on  the  outside  of  the  scale. 

12.  Spring  balances  of  the  hanging  type  shall  be  freely  suspended 
from  the  ring  when  in  use. 

13.  If  scales  are  provided  with  a  hanging  pan,  this  shall  be  suspended 
from  a  ring  and  no  hook  will  be  allowed.     A  hook  may  be  used  only 
on  those  scales  for  which  no  pan  is  provided. 

14.  All  scales  shall  be  so  constructed  that  when  a  weight  whose  body 
has  approximately  equal  diameter  and  height  and  which  represents 
one-half  of  the  capacity  of  the  scale,  is  shifted  in  any  direction  on  the 
commodity  plate,  pan  or  scoop,  to  a  point  one-half  the  distance  between 
the  center  and  the  edge  of  the  plate,  pan  or  scoop,  the  additional  result- 
ing error  in  the  weight  indication,  due  to  this  cause  alone,  shall  not 
exceed  the  tolerance  allowed  at  the  load  in  question,   given  in  the 
column  headed  " Added  tolerance  for  shift  test  at  half  capacity;"  pro- 
vided, however,  that  in  this  test  the  edge  of  the  weight  shall  not  be 
made  to  project  over  the  edge  of  the  commodity  plate,  pan  or  scoop. 

*15.  Spring  scales  whose  weight  indications  are  changed  by  an 
amount  greater  than  one-half  the  tolerance  allowed,  when  set  in  any 
position  on  a  surface  making  an  angle  of  3  degrees  or  approximately 
5  per  cent  with  the  horizontal,  shall  be  equipped  with  a  device  which 
will  indicate  when  the  scale  is  level.  The  scale  shall  be  rebalanced  at 
zero  each  time  its  position  is  altered  during  this  test. 

*16.  Spring  balances  of  such  construction  that  a  weight  or  weights 
which  are  not  visible  can  be  added  so  as  to  affect  the  indications  of  the 
scale,  shall  be  equipped  with  a  device  which  will  clearly  indicate  on  the 
customer's  side  of  the  scale,  when  the  weight  or  weights  have  been 
added,  and  the  value  which  it  or  they  represent  on  the  scale. 

17.  Spring  balances  shall  give  correct  weight  indications  whether  the 
load  on  the  plate,  pan  or  scoop  is  being  increased  or  decreased. 

*Applies  to  Class  1  apparatus  only. 


30 


WEIGHTS   AND   MEASURES. 


18.  The  specifications  for  each  part  of  combination  spring  and  lever 
scales  shall  be  the  same  as  those  for  the  type  of  scale  to  which  such 
part  belongs. 

19.  All  spring  scales  shall  be  in  level. 

TOLERANCES. 

Except  on  the  special  tests  described  above,  the  tolerances  to  be 
allowed  in  excess  or  deficiency  on  all  spring  seali^  equipped  with  a 
device  intended  to  compensate  for  changes  in  the  elasticity  of  the 
springs  due  to  temperature  effects,  shall  not  be  greater  than  the  values 
given  in  the  tolerance  table  under  the  heading  "Counter  Balances  and 
Scales." 

Except  on  the  special  tests  described  above,  the  tolerances  to  be 
allowed  in  excess  or  deficiency  on  all  spring  scales  not  equipped  with 
a  device  intended  to  compensate  for  changes  in  the  elasticity  of  the 
springs  due  to  temperature  effects,  shall  not  be  greater  than  tin1 
following  values;  provided,  however,  that  the  manufacturers'  tolerances 
or  the  tolerances  to  be  allowed  on  all  new  spring  scales  described  herein, 
shall  not  be  greater  than  one-half  of  the  values  ^iven. 

However,  the  tolerances  on  all  spring  scales  descrihed  in  the  two 
preceding  paragraphs,  shall  in  no  case  he  les.^  than  one-1'oiirth  of  the 
iifmimum  graduation  on  the  reading  face  or  dial,  except  that  on  new 
spring  scales  they  shall  in  no  case  be  less  than  one-eighth  of  such 
minimum  graduation. 


Gruhutloo 


Tolerance 


Added  tolerance 

for  slii 
at  half  capacity 


1  pound  . 

2  pounds 

3  pounds 

4  pounds 

5  pounds 


6  pounds 

7  pounds 

8  pounds 
10  pounds 
12  pounds 
15  pounds 
20  pounds 

24  pounds 

25  pounds 


1/8 
1/4 
1/4 
1/2 
1/2 
1/2 
1/2 
3/4 
3/4 


1/2 

1/2 
1/2 


30  pounds 2 

40  pounds 2 

50  pounds  3 

60  pounds  3 

75  pounds 4 

90  pounds 4 

120  pounds  5 

150  pounds  6 

200  pounds 8 

300  pounds  12 

400  pounds 1 

500  pounds 1 


1/4 


fiOO  pounds 1  1/2 


ounce 

ounce 

ounce 

ounce 

ounce 

ounce 

ounce 

ounce 

ounce 

ounce 

ounce 

ounces 

ounces 

ounces 

ounces 

ounces 

ounces 

ounces 

ounces 

ounces 

ounces 

ounces 

ounces 

ounces 

pound 

pounds 

pounds 


1/16 

1/16 

1/16 

1/8 

1/8 

1/8 

3/1 

1/4 

1/4 

1/4 

5/16 

5/16 

3/8 

3/8 

3/8 

7/16 

1/2 

5/8 

3/4 

7/8 

1/4 

1/2 


ounce 

ounce 

ounce 

ounce 

ounce 

ounce 

ounce 

ounce 

ounce 

ounce 

ounce 

ounce 

ounce 

ounce 

ounce 

ounce 

ounce 

ounce 

ounce 

ounce 

ounces 

ounces 

ounces 

ounces 


TOLERANCES   AND   SPECIFICATIONS. 

STRAIGHT-FACE  SPRING  BALANCES, 


31 


SPECIFICATIONS. 

1.  The  support  for  the  spring  shall  be  of  sufficient  strength  and 
rigidity  to  sustain  the  capacity  load  of  the  scale  without  perceptible 
strain,  and  such  support  shall  be  permanently  fixed  to  the  frame  of 
the  scale. 

2.  The  graduated  face  shall  be  firmly  riveted  to  the  frame  at  not  less 
than  three  points. 

3.  The   indicator  shall   be   pointed   in   order  to   facilitate   accurate 
readings,  and  it  shall  not  obscure  the  figures  showing  the  value  of  the 
graduations. 

*4.  The   value    and   spacing   of   the    graduations   shall   satisfy   the 
requirements  of  the  following  table: 


Capacity 

Maximum 
value  of 
interval 

Minimum 
distance 
between 
graduations 

25  pounds 

_  pound 

.03  inch 

50  pounds        ____                                _____ 

1    pound 

.03  inch 

JOO  pounds 

1    pound 

.03  inch 

i'iOO  pounds    -  -      -  _  _              __         _                  __        __ 

2    pounds 

.03  inch 

300  pounds 

5    pounds 

.04  inch 

400  pounds 

5    pounds 

.04  inch 

500  pounds    

5    pounds 

.04  inch 

TOLERANCES. 

The  tolerances  to  be  allowed  in  excess  or  deficiency  on  all  straight- 
face  spring  balances  shall  not  be  greater  than  four  times  the  values 
given  under  the  heading  "Spring  Balances — Tolerances." 


COMPUTING  SCALES, 

SPECIFICATIONS. 

1.  Computing  scales  shall  be  correct  in  both  their  weight  and  value 
indications. 

2.  Computing  scale  charts  shall  not  repeat  the  same  values  in  any 
given  column  or  row.     This  applies  also  to  charts  on  which  the  value 
graduations  are  correctly  placed,  but  which  in  addition  have  a  duplica- 
tion of  value  figures  in  any  given  column  or  row. 

*3.  The  value  graduations  011  all  computing  charts  shall  not  exceed 
one  cent  on  all  prices  per  pound  up  to  and  including  30  cents.  At  any 
higher  price  per  pound  the  value  graduations  shall  not  exceed  two  cents ; 
provided,  however,  that  nothing  in  the  above  shall  be  construed  to 


"Applies  to  Class  1  apparatus  only. 


32  WEIGHTS  AND   MEASURES. 

prevent  the  placing  of  a  special  value  graduation  to  represent  each 
five  cent  interval.  These  special  graduations  may  take  the  form  of 
dots,  staggered  graduations  or  similar  forms;  they  shall  be  so  placed 
that  their  meaning  and  value  may  be  clearly  understood,  but  they 
shall  not  be  placed  in  the  space  between  the  regular  graduations. 

*4.  All  computing  scales  equipped  with  a  drum-shaped  chart  shall  be 
so  constructed  that  the  opening  on  the  dealer's  side  discloses  at  least 
two  value  graduations  at  the  lowest  price  per  pound.  These  scales  shall 
be  so  constructed  that  the  opening  on  the  customer's  side  discloses  the 
smallest  graduations  and  a  figure  representing  the  proper  number  of 
main  weight  units  when  any  load  is  placed  on  the  pan  or  platform. 

5.  All  computing  scales  shall  be  equipped  with  weight  indicators 
on  both  the  dealer's  and  customer's  sides  and  their  width  shall  not 
exceed  .015  inch.  The  distance  between  the  chart  and  the  weight  indi- 
cators shall  in  no  case  exceed  .06  inch.  Both  indicators  shall  reach  to 
the  graduated  divisions  and  shall  indicate  clearly  and  correctly. 

*6.  All  computing  scales  shall  be  equipped  with  a  value  indicator  on 
the  dealer's  side  and  its  width  shall  not  exceed  .015  inch.  The  distance 
between  the  chart  and  the  value  indicator  shall  in  no  case  exceed  .06 
inch.  This  indicator  shall  reach  to  each  value  graduation  and  shall 
indicate  clearly  and  correctly. 

*7.  The  weight  graduations  and  the  value  graduations  shall  be  clear 
and  distinct  but  in  no  case  shall  their  width  be  less  than  .008  inch. 

8.  The  maximum  value  of  the  weight  graduations  on  computing 
scales  used  in  the  sale  of  foodstuffs  at  retnil  shall  be  1  ounce. 

0.  The  clear  interval  between  the  weight  graduation  marks  on  all 
computing  scales  shall  not  be  less  than  .04  inch.  The  clear  interval 
between  the  value  graduation  marks  on  all  computing  scales  shall  not 
be  less  than  .02  inch;  provided,  however,  that  the  latter  requirement 
shall  not  be  construed  to  apply  to  the  special  value  graduation  denoting 
the  five-cent  interval,  mentioned  heretofore. 

*10.  All  devices  for  adjusting  the  balance  of  a  computing  scale  shall 
be  of  such  construction  that  they  are  operative  or  accessible  only  by  the 
use  of  some  tool  or  device  which  is  outside  of  and  entirely  separate 
from  the  movable  mechanism  of  the  scale  itself ;  such  as  a  screw  driver, 
wrench,  etc.,  but  not  an  adjusting  pin. 

*11.  All  devices  for  adjusting  the  level  of  a  computing  scale  shall  be 
of  such  construction  that  they  are  operative  or  accessible  only  by  the 
use  of  some  tool  or  device  which  is  outside  of  and  entirely  separate 
from  the  leveling  devices;  such  as  a  screw  driver,  wrench,  etc.,  but  not 
an  adjusting  pin. 


*Applies  to  Class  1  apparatus  only. 


TOLERANCES   AND   SPECIFICATIONS.  33 

*12.  Computing  scales  whose  weight  indications  are  changed  by  an 
amount  greater  than  one-half  the  tolerance  allowed,  when  set  in  any 
position  on  a  surface  making  an  angle  of  3  degrees  or  approximately 
5  per  cent  with  the  horizontal,  shall  be  equipped  with  a  device  which 
will  indicate  when  the  scale  is  level,  and  in  no  case  shall  any  pendulum 
operating  the  scale  be  considered  a  leveling  device.  The  scale  shall  be 
rebalanced  at  zero  each  time  its  position  is  altered  during  this  test. 

13.  Computing  scales  shall  give  correct  results  whether  the  load  is 
being  increased  or  decreased. 

*14.  All  devices  intended  to  increase  the  capacity  of  computing 
scales  by  the  addition  of  an  added  weight  or  weights  shall  operate 
properly  irrespective  of  the  speed  with  which  they  are  manipulated. 

All  computing  scales  shall  be  in  level. 

The  specifications  on  a  computing  scale  and  on  all  parts  of  a  com- 
puting scale,  when  not  modified  by  the  above,  shall  be  the  same  as  those 
of  the  type  to  which  the  scale  under  test  belongs. 

17.  When  the  scale  is  of  such  a  type  that  the  definition  of  sensibility 
reciprocal  is  applicable,  the  maximum  allowable  sensibility  reciprocal 
shall  be  the  same  value  as  is  required  of  a  noncomputing  scale  of  the 
appropriate  type. 

TOLERANCES. 

Except  on  the  special  tests  described  above,  the  tolerances  to  be 
allowed  in  excess  or  deficiency  on  all  spring  computing  scales  equipped 
with  a  device  intended  to  compensate  for  changes  in  the  elasticity  of  the 
springs  due  to  temperature  effects,  and  also  all  those  not  operated  by 
springs,  shall  not  be  greater  than  the  values  given  in  the  tolerance  table 
under  the  heading  "Counter  Balances  and  Scales." 

Except  on  the  special  tests  described  above,  the  tolerances  to  be 
allowed  in  excess  or  deficiency  on  all  spring  computing  scales  not 
equipped  with  a  device  intended  to  compensate  for  changes  in  the 
elasticity  of  the  springs  due  to  temperature  effects,  shall  not  be  greater 
than  the  values  given  in  the  tolerance  table  under  the  heading  ' '  Spring 
Balances." 

However,  the  tolerances  on  all  computing  scales  equipped  with  a 
reading  face  or  dial,  shall  in  no  case  be  less  than  one-fourth  of  the 
minimum  graduation  on  the  reading  face  or  dial,  except  that  on  new 
computing  scales  they  shall  in  no  case  be  less  than  one- eighth  of  such 
minimum  graduation. 

*Applies  to  Class  1  apparatus  only. 


34  WEIGHTS  AND   MEASURES. 

PRESCRIPTION  SCALES  AND  BALANCES  AND  APOTHE- 
CARIES' WEIGHTS. 


DEFINITION. 

Prescription  scales  and  balances  are  scales  and  balances  designed 
for  or  adapted  to  weighing  the  ingredients  of  medicinal  and  other 
formulas  prescribed  by  physicians  and  others  and  entering  into  the 
ordinary  trade  of  pharmacists  and  chemists,  and  which  are  used  or 
intended  to  be  used  for  such  purpose. 

SPECIFICATIONS. 

1.  All  balances  and  scales  shall  be  equipped  with  a  device  which  will 
accurately  indicate  the  position  of  equilibrium  of  the  beam.     If  this 
device  is  provided  with  only  one  indicating  edge,  line,  or  point,  then 
it  shall  also  be  provided  with  a  graduated  scale  or  arc.     If  this  device 
consists  of  a  scale  or  arc  and  a  single  indicating  edge,  line,  or  point, 
or  of  two  indicating  edges,  lines,  or  points  which  move  in  opposite 
directions,  these  shall  be  so  designed  and  constructed  that  when  the 
beam  vibrates  one  will  oscillate  with  reference  to  the  other. 

2.  Any  graduated  scale  or  arc  similar  to  that  referred  to  in  speci- 
fication 1,  shall  be  divided  into  equal  spaces  with  at  least  0.04  inch 
clear  interval  between  the  graduations. 

3.  If  the  indicating  device  referred  to  in  specification  1  is  provided 
with  a  single  indicating  edge,  line,  or  point,  this  shall  reach  to  the 
graduated  scale  or  arc,  and  shall  be  designed  and  constructed  to  en;i bli- 
the readings  to  be  made  with  precision.     If  provided  with  two  indi- 
cating edges,  lines,  or  points,  these  shall  be  sharply  defined  and  shall  in 
no  case  be  more  than  0.0-4  inch  from  each  other  when  the  scale  is  in 
balance,  this  space  to  be  measured  horizontally. 

4.  The  distance  between  the  graduated  scale  and  the  indicator  shall 
in  no  case  exceed  0.04  inch. 

5.  All  knife   edges  and  bearings  shall  be  made   of  hardened   and 
tempered  steel  or  agate. 

6.  The    graduations    on    all    graduated    beams    shall    be    clear    and 
distinct,  and  in  no  case  shall  their  width  be  less  than  0.008  inch. 

7.  The  clear  space  between  graduations  on  all  graduated  beams  shall 
not  be  less  than  0.04  inch. 

*8.  All  scales  and  balances  shall  be  provided  with  a  device  for 
arresting  the  vibration  of  the  beam. 

*9.  All  scales  shall  be  so  constructed  and  adjusted  that  when  the 
beam  is  released  or  disturbed  it  will  return  to  its  original  position  of 
equilibrium. 

*Applies  to  Class  1  apparatus  only. 


TOLERANCES   AND   SPECIFICATIONS.  35 

*10.  All  scales  and  balances  whose  weight  indications  are  changed 
by  an  amount  greater  than  one-half  the  tolerance  allowed,  when  set  in 
any  position  on  a  surface  making  an  angle  of  5  per  cent  or  approxi- 
mately 3  degrees  with  the  horizontal,  shall  be  equipped  with  a  device 
which  will  indicate  when  the  scale  is  level,  and  in  no  case  shall  any 
pendulum  operating  the  scale  be  considered  a  leveling  device.  The 
scale  shall  be  rebalanced  at  zero  each  time  its  position  is  altered  during 
the  test. 

11.  For  the  purpose  of  applying  the  sensibility  reciprocal  and 
tolerances  the  capacity  of  all  prescription  scales  and  balances  shall  be 
taken  to  be  1  ounce. 

SENSIBILITY  RECIPROCAL. 

The  maximum  sensibility  reciprocal  allowable  for  prescription  scales 
and  balances  shall  not  exceed  0.2  grain,  at  the  capacity  or  at  any  lesser 
load,  with  the  exception  that  when  this  value  is  larger  than  that  repre- 
sented by  two  of  the  minimum  graduations  on  any  beam  with  which 
the  scale  may  be  equipped,  the  latter  value  shall  be  applied  and  used 
as  the  maximum  sensibility  reciprocal  at  the  capacity  or  at  any  lesser 
load;  provided,  however,  that  the  manufacturers'  sensibility  reciprocal 
or  the  maximum  sensibility  reciprocal  on  all  new  prescription  scales 
and  balances  shall  be  one-half  of  the  value  given  unless  this  value  is 
greater  than  one  of  the  minimum  graduations  on  the  beam,  in  which 
case  this  latter  value  shall  be  applied  and  used  as  the  maximum 
sensibility  reciprocal. 

(The  term  "sensibility  reciprocal"  means  the  weight  required  to 
move  the  position  of  equilibrium  of  the  beam,  pan,  pointer,  or  other 
indicating  device  of  a  scale  or  balance  a  definite  amount.  In  the  case 
of  scales  provided  with  a  single  indicator  and  a  graduated  scale  or  arc, 
one  of  which  oscillates  with  reference  to  the  other  to  form  a  convenient 
means  for  determining  the  position  of  equilibrium  of  the  beam,  and 
which  does  not  of  itself  directly  indicate  in  terms  of  weight,  the  sensi- 
bility reciprocal  is  the  weight  required  to  cause  a  change  in  the  position 
of  rest  of  the  pointer  equal  to  one  division  of  the  graduated  scale  or 
arc.  In  the  case  of  scales  equipped  with  two  indicators  which  move 
in  opposite  directions  and  oscillate  with  reference  to  each  other  to 
form  a  convenient  means  for  determining  the  position  of  equilibrium 
of  the  beam,  the  sensibility  reciprocal  is  the  weight  required  to  cause  a 
separation  of  the  indicators  0.04  inch.) 


*Applies  to  Class  1  apparatus  only. 


36  WEIGHTS  AND   MEASURES. 

TOLERANCES. 

The  tolerance  to  be  allowed  in  excess  or  deficiency  on  all  prescription 
scales  and  balances  shall  not  be  greater  than  0.4  grain  or  approximately 
25  milligrams  on  the  ratio  of  arms  when  the  maximum  capacity  load 
of  1  ounce  is  placed  upon  each  pan. 

If  the  scale  is  equipped  with  a  graduated  beam,  the  tolerance  at  any 
graduation  on  the  beam  shall  be  equal  to  the  actual  sensibility  recip- 
rocal of  the  scale  at  the  load  in  question. 


WEIGHTS. 

SPECIFICATIONS. 

1.  Weights  shall  be  made  of  sterl.  iron,  brass,  or  any  niln-r  mrlal  or 
alloy  of  metals  not  softer  than  brass;  provided,  however,  thai  \\ciuli1s 
below  one-quarter  ounce  shall  not  be  made  of  iron  or  steel,  but  may 
be  made  of  aluminum. 

2.  Weights  shall  have  smooth  surfaces,  and  no  weight  representing 
a  value  of  more  than  one  gram,  one  pennyweight,  or  one  scruple,  shall 
have  sharp  points  or  corners. 

3.  Weights  shall  not  be  covered  with  a  soft  or  thick  coat  of  paint  or 
varnish. 

4.  All  holes  in  which  foreign  material  is  to  be  placed  for  adjusting 
purposes  must  be  of  such  form  that  this  material  will  l>e  permanently 
and  securely  held  in  place.     In  no  case  shall  this  adjusting  material 
project  beyond  the  surface  of  the  weight. 

5.  Rings  on  weights  shall  not  be  split  or  removable. 

*6.  All  weights  shall  be  clearly  marked  with  their  nominal  value 
and  in  addition  weights  intended  for  use  on  multiplying-lever  scales 
shall  be  clearly  marked  with  the  value  they  represent  when  used  upon 
the  scale  for  which  they  are  intended;  provided,  however,  that  the 
valuation  of  weights  of  less  than  one  gram,  one  pennyweight,  or  one 
scruple  may  be  indicated  by  dots,  lines,  figures,  definite  shape,  or  other 
appropriate  means. 

TOLERANCES. 

The  tolerances  to  be  allowed  in  excess  or  deficiency  on  apothecaries' 
prescription  weights  shall  not  be  greater  than  the  following  values; 
provided,  however,  that  the  manufacturers'  tolerances  or  the  tolerances 
to  be  allowed  on  new  apothecaries'  prescription  weights  shall  not  be 
greater  than  one-half  of  the  values  given: 


*Applies  to  Class  1  apparatus  only. 


TOLERANCES  AND   SPECIFICATIONS. 
Apothecaries'   System. 


37 


Weight  (ounces  Troy) 

Tolerance 

Weight  (ounces  Troy) 

Tolerance 

12  ounces                      -  . 

4  0  grains 

3  drachms      .  

.6  grain 

10  ounces 

4  0  grains 

2  drachms         ,          .    , 

.5  grain 

8  ounces 

3  0  grains 

1  drachm 

.3  grain 

5  ounces 

3  0  grains 

3  scruples 

3  grain 

4  ounces 

2.0  grains 

2  scruples  _  

.3  grain 

3  ounces 

2.0  grains 

1  scruple      ,  

.15  grain 

2  ounces 

2.0  grains 

20  grains 

.15  grain 

1  ounce 

1  0  grain 

15  grains 

.15  grain 

8  drachms 

1  0  grain 

10  grains 

10  grain 

6  drachms 

1  0  grain 

5  grains 

.08  grain 

4  drachms      __.     _    

.7  grain 

1  grain     __    - 

.03  grain 

COMMERCIAL  WEIGHTS. 

The  tolerances  to  be  allowed  in  excess  or  deficiency  on  commercial 
weights  shall  not  be  greater  than  the  following  values;  provided,  how- 
ever, that  the  manufacturers'  tolerances  or  the  tolerances  to  be  allowed 
on  new  commercial  weights  shall  not  be  greater  than  one-half  of  the 
values  given: 


Weight 

Tolerance 

Ordinary 
weights 
ratio 
1  to  1  pound 

Counterpoise  weights  for  multiplying-lever  scales 

Ratio  less  than 
100  to  1 
pound 

Ratio  100  to  1 
and  less  than 
1,000  to  1  pound 

Ratio  1000  to  1 
pound  and 
over 

50  pounds 

100.0  grains 
60.0  grains 
60.0  grains 
40.0  grains 
40.0  grains 
30.0  grains 
30.0  grains 
20.0  grains 
20.0  grains 
15.0  grains 
10.0  grains 
10.0  grains 
5.0  grains 
5.0  grains 
5.0  grains 
3.0  grains 
2.0  grains 
2.0  grains 
1.0  grain 
.5  grain 
.5  grain 
.5  grain 
.2  grain 

60.0  grains 
36.0   grains 
36.0   grains 
24.0   grains 
24.0   grains 
18.0  grains 
18.0   grains 
12.0  grains 
12.0  grains 
9.0   grains 
6.0   grains 
6.0  grains 
3.0  grains 
3.0  grains 
3.0   grains 
1.8  grains 
1.2  grains 
1.2  grains 
.6   grain 
.3   grain 
.3   grain 
.3  grain 
.12  grain 

40.0  grains 
24.0  grains 
24.0  grains 
16.0  grains 
16.0  grains 
12.0  grains 
12.0  grains 
8.0  grains 
8.0   grains 
6.0  grains 
4.0  grains 
4.0  grains 
2.0  grains 
2.0   grains 
2.0  grains 
1.2  grains 
.  .8  grain 
.8  grain 
.4   grain 
.2  grain 
.2  grain 
.2  grain 
.08  grain 

20.0  grains 
12.0  grains 
12.0   grains 
8.0  grains 
8.0  grains 
6.0  grains 
6.0  grains 
4.0  grains 
4.0  grains 
3.0   grains 
2.0  grains 
2.0  grains 
1.0  grain 
1.0  grain 
1.0  grain 
.6   grain 
.4   grain 
.4  grain 
.2  grain 
.1   grain 
.1   grain 
.1  grain 
.04  grain 

25  pounds  

20  pounds  

15  pounds  _  _ 

30  pounds 

8  pounds 

5  pounds 

4  pounds  __    __ 

3  pounds 

2  pounds 

1  pound 

10   ounces 

8   ounces    

5   ounces    _ 

4   ounces   

2   ounces 

1   ounce 

1/2     ounce 

1/4     ounce 

1/8     ounce   _.  

1/16   ounce       __ 

1/32    ounce          ,    __ 

1/64   ounce 

38 


WEIGHTS   AND    MEASURES. 


Metric  System. 

No  specification  contained  in  the  preceding  pages  shall  be  understood 
or  construed  to  prohibit  the  sale  or  use  of  weights  mid  measures"  or 
weighing  and  measuring  devices  constructed  or  graduated  in  units  of 
the  metric  system. 

The  tolerances  to  be  allowed  on  any  weight  or  measure  or  weighing 
or  measuring  device  constructed  or  graduated  in  units  of  the  metric 
system,  shall  be  the  same  as  those  specified  mi  similar  apparatus  <>!'  an 
equivalent  size  or  at  an  equivalent  load,  in  the  customary  system. 


\Yi-ight 

Tolerance 

Weight 

Tolerance 

r,(M)    Bruins 

3500  milligrams 

2   grams 

15  0  mi  1  1  i  "  i"i  1  1  is 

200    grains    _. 

-00.0  milligrams 

1    grain 

1  0  0  1  1  )  i  1  1  i  ^  i  '  a  1  1  1  s 

100   grains   

150.0  milligrams 

"MI    milli;:  ra  ms 

fill  milligrams 

50   grains    ______  __ 

100.0  milligrams 

•;<NI   milligrams 

(j  ii  in  j  1  1  j  grams 

20   grains             _.    ._ 

50.0  mi  Hi  grams 

1  M  I    milligrams 

2  5  mi  1  1  i  grams 

10   grams 

40.0  milligram^ 

50  milligrams 

2  0  milligrams 

5   grains 

200  milligrams 

CREAM  TEST  AND  BUTTER-FAT  SCALES. 

SPECIFICATIONS. 

*J.  All  scales  shall  be  provided  with  a  'jradnated  si-ale  or  are  divided 
into  at  least  ten  equal  spaces,  over  which  the  indicator  shall  play. 

*2.  The  clear  interval  between  the  graduations  on  the  graduated 
scale  or  arc  shall  not  be  less  than  .05  inch. 

3.  The  indicator  shall  be  of  such  length  as  to  reach  to  the  graduated 
divisions  and  shall  terminate  in  a  fine  point  to  enable  the  readings  to 
be  made  with  precision. 

*-4.  All  scales  whose  weight  indications  are  changed  by  an  amount 
greater  than  one-half  the  tolerance  allowed,  when  set  in  any  position 
on  a  surface  making  an  angle  of  3  degrees  or  approximately  5  per  cent 
with  the  horizontal,  shall  be  equipped  with  leveling  screws  and  with  a 
device  which  will  indicate  when  the  scale  is  level.  The  scale  shall  be 
rebalanced  at  zero  each  time  its  position  is  altered  during  this  test. 

5.  All  scales  shall  be  so  constructed  and  adjusted  that  when  the  pans 
are  released  or  disturbed  the  pointer  will  return  to  its  original  position 
of  equilibrium. 

SENSIBILITY   RECIPROCAL. 

The  sensibility  reciprocal  of  these  scales  shall  be  one-half  grain 
(30  mg.  approximately). 

*Applies  to  Class  1  apparatus  only. 


TOLERANCES   AND   SPECIFICATIONS.  39 

The  term  "sensibility  reciprocal"  means  the  weight  required  to  move 
the  position  of  equilibrium  of  the  beam,  pan,  pointer  or  other  indicating 
device  of  the  scale  a  definite  amount.  In  scales  provided  with  a  pointer, 
and  a  graduated  scale  or  arc,  such  as  the  above,  the  sensibility  reciprocal 
is  the  weight  required  to  cause  a  change  in  the  position  of  rest  of  the 
pointer  equal  to  one  division  on  the  graduated  scale  or  arc. 

TOLERANCES. 

The  tolerance  to  be  allowed  in  excess  or  deficiency  on  all  cream  test 
and  butter-fat  test  scales,  shall  not  be  greater  than  one-half  grain 
(30  mg.  approximately),  when  the  scale  is  loaded  to  capacity. 


WEIGHTS, 


SPECIFICATIONS. 

1.  Weights  shall  be  made  of  steel,  iron,  brass  or  any  other  metal  or 
alloy  of  metals  not  softer  than  brass;  provided,  however,  that  weights 
below  |  ounce  shall  not  be  made  of  iron  or  steel,  but  may  be  made  of 
aluminum. 

2.  Weights  shall  have  smooth  surfaces  and  no  sharp  points  or  corners. 

3.  Weights  shall  not  be  covered  with  a  soft  or  thick  coat  of  paint  or 
varnish. 

4.  All  holes  in  which  foreign  material  is  to  be  placed  for  adjusting 
purposes  must  be  of  such  form  that  this  material  will  be  permanently 
and  securely  held  in  place.     In  no  case  shall  this  adjusting  material 
project  beyond  the  surface  of  the  weight. 

5.  Rings  on  weights  shall  not  be  split  or  removable. 

*6.  All  weights  shall  be  clearly  marked  with  their  nominal  value  and 
in  addition  weights  intended  for  use  on  multiplying-lever  scales  shall 
be  clearly  marked  with  the  value  they  represent  when  used  upon  the 
scale  for  which  they  are  intended. 

TOLERANCES. 

The  tolerances  to  be  allowed  in  excess  or  deficiency  on  commercial 
weights  shall  not  be  greater  than  the  following  values ;  provided,  how- 
ever, that  the  manufacturers'  tolerances  or  the  tolerances  to  be  allowed 
on  new  commercial  weights  shall  not  be  greater  than  one-half  of  the 
values  given: 

*Applies  to  Class  1  apparatus  only. 


WEIGHTS   AND   MEASURES. 


Weight 

Tolerance 

Ordinary 
weights 
ratio 
1  to  1  pound 

Counterpoise  weights  for  multiplying-lever  scales 

Ratio  less  than 
100  to  1 
pound 

Ratio  100  to  1 
and  less  than 
1.000  to  1  pound 

K:   .10  1000  tO  1 

pound  and 
over 

50  pounds          _         .-    

100.0  grains 
60.0  grains 
60.0  grains 
40.0  grains 
40.0  grains 
30.0  grains 
30.0  grains 
20.0  grains 
20.0  grains 
15.0  grains 
10.0  grains 
10.0  grains 
5.0  grains 
5.0  grains 
5.0  grains 
3.0  grains 
2.0  grains 
2.0  grains 
1.0  grain 
.5  grain 
.5  grain 
.5  grain 
.2  grain 

60.0  grains 
36.0  grains 
36.0  grains 
24.0   grains 
24.0  grains 
18.0  grains 
18.0  grains 
12.0  grains 
12.0  grains 
9.0  grains 
6.0   grains 
6.0  grains 
3.0   grains 
3.0  grains 
3.0   grains 
1.8  grains 
1.2  grains 
1.2  grains 
.6   grain 
.3  grain 
.3   grain 
.3  grain 
.12  grain 

40.0  grains 
24.0   grains 
21.0  grains 
16.0  grains 
16.0  grains 
12.0  grains 
12.0  grains 
8.0  grains 
8.0  grains 
6.0  grains 
4.0  grains 
4.0  grains 
2.0  grains 
2.0  grains 
2.0   grains 
1.2  grains 
.8  grain 
.8    grain 
.4   grain 
.2   grain 
.2  grain 
.2  grain 
.08  grain 

20.0  grains 
12.0  grains 
12.0  grains 
8.0  grains 
8.0  grains 
6.0   grains 
6.0  grains 
4.0  grains 
4.0  grains 
3.0  grains 
2.0  grains 
2.0  grains 
1.0  grain 
1.0  grain 
1.0  grain 
.6   grain 
.4   grain 
.4  grain 
.2  grain 
.1    grain 
.1    grain 
.1    grain 
.04  grain 

25  pounds 

20  pounds 

15  pounds 

10  pounds 

8  pounds      

5  pounds      --    --    

4  pounds                            -  

3  pounds 

2  pounds 

1  pound 

10  ounces 

8   ounces       -  -  

5   ounces             --    

4   ounces                   

2   ounces                         

1    ounce 

1/2     ounce                             

1/4     ounce 

1/8     ounce 

1/32   ounce              -    --    

1/64   ounce                           

The  tolerances  to  be  allowed  in  excess  or  deficiency  on  apothecaries1 
prescription  weights  shall  not  !><•  Lrivatrr  than  the  following  values; 
provided,  however,  that  the  manufacturers'  tolerances  or  the  tolerances 
to  be  allowed  on  new  apothecarie.x'  prescription  weights  shall  not  be 
greater  than  one-half  of  the  values  given : 

Apothecaries'  System. 


Weight  (ounces  Troy) 

Tolerance 

Weight  (ounces  Troy) 

Tolerance 

12  ounces 

4.0  grains 

3  drachms 

6  grain 

10  ounces 

4  0  grains 

2  drachms 

5   grain 

8  ounces 

30  grains 

1  drachm 

.3  grain 

5  ounces 

30  grains 

3  scruples 

3  grain 

4  ounces  -. 

2.0  grains 

2  scruples      

.3   grain 

3  ounces  

2.0  grains 

1  scruple      _           

.15  grain 

2  ounces    __  _    _ 

2.0  grains 

20  grains                    --      

.15  grain 

1  ounce  _ 

1.0  grain 

15  grains                         _  

.15  grain 

8  drachms 

1.0  grain 

10  grains 

.10  grain 

6  drachms 

1  0  grain 

5  grains 

.08  grain 

4  drachms 

.7  grain 

1  grain 

.03  grain 

TOLERANCES   AND   SPECIFICATIONS. 
Metric  System. 


41 


Weight 

Tolerance 

Weight 

Tolerance 

500   grams 

350  0  milligrams 

2   grams 

15  0  milligrams 

200    grams    

200.0  milligrams 

1    gram 

10.0  milligrams 

100   grams   

150.0  milligrams 

500  milligrams 

60  milligrams 

50   grams 

100.0  milligrams 

200  milligrams 

60  milligrams 

20   grams 

50.0  milligrams 

100  milligrams 

2  5  milligrams 

10   grams 

400  milligrams 

50  milligrams 

2  0  milligrams 

5   grams 

200  milligrams 

Metric  System. 

No  specification  contained  in  the  preceding  pages  shall  be  understood 
or  construed  to  prohibit  the  sale  or  use  of  weights  and  measures  or 
weighing  or  measuring  devices  constructed  or  graduated  in  units  of 
the  metric  system. 

The  tolerances  to  be  allowed  on  any  weight  or  measure  or  weighing 
or  measuring  device  constructed  or  graduated  in  units  of  the  metric 
system,  shall  be  the  same  as  those  specified  on  similar  apparatus  of  an 
equivalent  size  or  at  an  equivalent  load,  in  the  customary  system. 

OPINION   REGULATING  THE  SALE  OF  WOOD  AND  ESTABLISHING  THE 

CORD   MEASURE. 

Section  6  of  Chapter  668,  California  Statutes,  approved  June  8,  1915, 
provides  as  follows: 

"The  state  superintendent  of  weights  and  measures  may  estab- 
lish tolerances  for  use  in  the  State  of  California  similar  to  the 
tolerances  established  by  the  national  bureau  of  standards,  and  he 
may  establish  a  standard  net  weight,  or  net  measure,  or  net  count, 
of  any  commodity,  produce,  or  article." 

While  the  law  gives  to  the  superintendent  the  power  to  establish  and 
standardize  the  "net  weight"  and  "net  measure"  of  common  commod- 
ities in  general,  the  intent  of  the  law  is  to  fix  and  adopt  and  enforce 
a  uniform  standard  of  weight  and  measure  of  such  commodities,  the 
weight  or  measure  for  which,  under  the  present  custom  of  sale,  facili- 
tates the  perpetration  of  fraud,  or  where  the  present  custom  of  sale 
prejudices  and  discriminates  against  the  just  and  equitable  interests  of 
the  public. 

Wood,  for  fuel  purposes,  is  a  common  necessity,  and  it  shall  only  be 
sold  or  offered  for  sale  by  cord  measure,  excepting  as  hereinafter 
provided. 

The  cord  is  hereby  established  as  a  standard  measure.  Its  dimen- 
sions shall  be  eight  feet  long  and  four  feet  wide  and  four  feet  high, 
and  shall  contain  128  cubic  feet,  well  stowed  and  packed. 


42  WEIGHTS   AND   MEASURES. 

In  all  sales  of  wood  for  fuel,  the  cord  of  128  cubic  feet  shall  be  the 
true  and  legal  standard  of  measure.  Any  nsaire.  by-law,  or  ordinance, 
or  custom  of  any  person,  firm,  or  corporation  to  the  contrary  notwith- 
standing. 

The  legal  subdivisions  of  the  cord  shall  be  one-fourth,  one-half  and 
three-fourths,  and  these  subdivisions  shall  be  equivalent  to  the  same 
subdivisions  of  the  cubic  feet  established  to  contain  the  cord,  to  wit  : 

\  cord  shall  contain  32  cubic  fret. 
\  cord  shall  contain  04  cubic  feet. 

:,!   cord  shall  contain  !><;  cubic  IVi-i. 

In  the  sale  of  stove  wood  of  any  Inmlh.  tin-  term  "tier"  or  "rick" 
shall  not  be  used  to  indicate  a  standard  measure.  The  term  "tier"  is 
hereby  defined  as  wood  piled  in  layers,  or  piled  uniform,  so  as  to  con- 
veniently determine  volume.  A  "rick"  has  no  meaning  in  the  sale  of 
wood.  One  "tier"  of  wood,  eight  feet  long  and  four  feet  //////>  and 
twelve  inches  wide,  equivalent  to  32  cubic  feet,  shall  be  designated  and 
sold  as  one-fourth  cord.  One  "tier"  of  wood,  eiglit  f«  I  I»H<I  and  four 
feet  high  and  twenty-four  hn-1n  *  \ri<1< .  equivalent  to  64  cubic  feet,  shall 
be  designated  and  sold  as  one-half  cord. 

The  lengths  into  which  the  wood  may  be  sawed,  and  offered  for  sale, 
shall  not  in  any  way  affect  the  cubic  volume  of  the  standard  cord. 

In  the  sale  of  wood  for  fuel,  each  load,  part  of  load,  or  pared  ,,! 
wood  shall  be  accompanied  by  a  voucher  or  tag,  certifying  to  the 
number  of  cords  or  part  of  cord  of  wood  in  each  load,  and  such  voucher 
or  tag  shall  state  the  true  measure  of  wood  delivered. 

No  provision  or  part  of  this  opinion  shall  be  construed  to  prevent 
the  sale  of  box-wood  or  kindlin.tr,  or  cut  lumber  by  the  load. 

Yours  very  truly, 

CHAS.  G.  JOHNSON, 

State  Superintendent  of  Weights  and  Measures. 


TOLERANCES   AND   SPECIFICATIONS. 


43 


Tests    made   and   sworn   to,   showing    number   of   cubic  feet   remaining   out   of   a 
(4x4x8=  128  cubic  feet)  cord,  after  sawing  in  lengths  as  follows: 


9i  inches 

Per  cent 

12  inches 

Per  cent 

16  inches 

Per  cent 

24  inches 

Per  cent 

Test  No.  1— 

102 

20 

96 

25 

107 

163 

112 

12* 

Test  No.  3  

90  to  120 

16§ 

Test  No   4 

96 

25 

91 

30 

116§ 

9 

Test  No.  5 

96 

25 

105 

18 

112 

Test  No.  6 

105 

18 

109 

20 

112 

12* 

Test  No.  7  

99J 

22 

Test  No.  8  — 

80  to  96 

25 

Test  No.  9 

9G§ 

30 

109 

20 

Test  No.  10  

96 

25 

Test  No.  11  

84 

35 

98 

25 

116 

9 

CHAS.  G.  JOHNSON, 

State  Superintendent  of  Weights  and  Measures. 


40740    0-19    5M 


THIS  BOOK  IS  DUE  ON  THE  LAST  DATE 
STAMPED  BELOW 

AN  INITIAL  FINE  OF  25  CENTS 

WILL  BE  ASSESSED  FOR  FAILURE  TO  RETURN 
THIS  BOOK  ON  THE  DATE  DUE.  THE  PENALTY 
WILL  INCREASE  TO  SO  CENTS  ON  THE  FOURTH 
DAY  AND  TO  $1.OO  ON  THE  SEVENTH  DAY 
OVERDUE. 


OCT 


7938 


JAN    6  1940 


RECTD  ID 


NOV141960 


##70-3™?! 


f     V                                                           C" 

LD  21-95m-7,'37 

403215 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 


